不同有机溶剂对新疆油砂沥青的组成性质影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1998

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油砂作为一种非常规石油资源，越来越受到人们的重视。油砂沥青的含量和性质对其开发有着重要的影响。有机溶剂抽提可以测定油砂沥青的含量。本文研究了3种溶剂对新疆油砂的抽提能力，并对不同溶剂抽提得到的新疆油砂沥青进行了性质分析。结果表明，新疆油砂含油率（甲苯测）为11.75%，属于中品位油砂矿；甲苯、氯仿和石油醚3种不同溶剂对新疆油砂沥青进行抽提，发现3种溶剂抽提能力的大小关系为氯仿＞甲苯＞石油醚；抽提过程中，氯仿表现出对胶质和沥青质较强的萃取能力，而石油醚对沥青质的萃取能力几乎为0，采用氯仿可以更准确地测定油砂沥青的含量。氯仿抽提得到新疆油砂沥青及其组分的杂原子含量和分子量高于甲苯和石油醚抽提的。由红外谱图发现，氯仿抽提得到的油砂沥青的含氧、含硫官能团的吸收峰强度大于甲苯和石油醚抽提的，表明氯仿对油砂沥青中极性物质的抽提能力更强。

关键词: 油砂, 油砂沥青, 沥青含量, 溶剂抽提

Abstract:

As an unconventional oil resource, oil sand attracts more and more people’s attention. The content and properties of oil sand bitumen play an important role in its development. The content of oil sand bitumen can be determined by organic solvent extraction. In this paper, Xinjiang oil sand was chosen as the main research object. The extraction ability of three solvents to Xinjiang oil sands was investigated, and the properties of oil sand bitumen obtained by different solvent extraction were analyzed. The results showed that the oil content of Xinjiang oil sand was 11.75%, which belonged to middle grade oil sands. Especially Xinjiang oil sand bitumen had higher saturates. Xinjiang oil sand bitumen were extracted from three different solvents including toluene, chloroform and petroleum ether, and the relationship between three solvent extraction capacity was obtained: chloroform＞toluene＞petroleum ether. In the extraction process, chloroform showed a stronger extraction ability of the resin and asphaltene. However, petroleum ether could hardly extract bitumen from oil sand. The chloroform was the best solvent for using to measure the content of oil sand bitumen by organic solvent extraction. The heteroatom content and molecular weight of Xinjiang oil sand bitumen and its components, which was extracted by chloroform, were higher than those extracted by toluene and petroleum ether. Infrared spectras showed that the absorption peaks of oxygen and sulfur functional groups extracted by chloroform were stronger than those extracted by toluene and petroleum ether. The chloroform had stronger extraction ability for polar substances in oil sand bitumen.

Key words: oil sands, oil sands bitumen, bitumen content, organic solvent extraction

中图分类号:

TE65

刘金河,刘银东,李成杰,杨行,杨普江,张庆轩. 不同有机溶剂对新疆油砂沥青的组成性质影响[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(12): 5525-5531.

Jinhe LIU,Yindong LIU,Chengjie LI,Hang YANG,Pujiang YANG,Qingxuan ZHANG. Impact of organic solvents on the composition and properties of Xinjiang oil sand bitumen in oil sand extraction process[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(12): 5525-5531.

图/表 13

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溶剂种类	含油率/%	含固率/%	含水率/%
石油醚	8.98	90.55	0.48
甲苯	11.75	87.44	0.82
氯仿	13.40	85.67	0.93

溶剂种类	含油率/%	含固率/%	含水率/%
石油醚	8.98	90.55	0.48
甲苯	11.75	87.44	0.82
氯仿	13.40	85.67	0.93

油砂样品	饱和分/%	芳香分/%	胶质/%	戊烷沥青质/%
甲苯抽提	40.51	14.45	24.98	19.96
氯仿抽提	39.88	13.32	25.65	21.15
石油醚抽提	52.28	19.21	28.51	—

油砂样品	饱和分/%	芳香分/%	胶质/%	戊烷沥青质/%
甲苯抽提	40.51	14.45	24.98	19.96
氯仿抽提	39.88	13.32	25.65	21.15
石油醚抽提	52.28	19.21	28.51	—

样品	C/%	H/%	N/%	S/%	O/%	H/C
沥青	84.69	11.86	0.74	0.69	2.02	1.40
饱和分	86.44	13.49	微量	微量	0.07	1.56
芳香分	86.90	11.68	0.54	0.78	0.09	1.34
胶质	85.78	11.17	1.46	0.87	0.72	1.30
沥青质	82.51	9.05	1.60	4.46	2.38	1.10