多相反应器的非均相特性测量技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1327

化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 45-71.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1327

多相反应器的非均相特性测量技术进展

李向阳¹(),王浩亮^1,²,冯鑫¹,陈杰¹,毛在砂¹,李国征¹,杨超^1,²()

1.中国科学院过程工程研究所，中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室，北京100190
2. 中国科学院大学;化学工程学院，北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-06-27 修回日期:2018-10-18 出版日期:2019-01-05 发布日期:2019-01-05
通讯作者: 杨超
作者简介:李向阳（1980—），男，博士，副研究员，研究方向为多相反应器测量仪器和方法。E-mail：<email>xyli@ipe.ac.cn</email>。|杨超，研究员，研究方向为反应器工程和绿色化工。E-mail：<email>chaoyang@ipe.ac.cn</email>。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0301701);国家自然科学基金(21427814，21878297，91534117);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC030);中国科学院科研装备研制项目(YZ201641);国家重点研发计划（2016YFB0301701）；国家自然科学基金（21427814，21878297，91534117）；中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目（QYZDJ-SSW-JSC030）；中国科学院科研装备研制项目（YZ201641）；恩泽生物质精细化工北京市重点实验室开放课题项目。

Progresses in measurement technologies of heterogeneous characteristics in multiphase reactors

Xiangyang LI¹(),Haoliang WANG^1,²,Xin FENG¹,Jie CHEN¹,Zaisha MAO¹,Guozheng LI¹,Chao YANG^1,²()

1.CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2018-06-27 Revised:2018-10-18 Online:2019-01-05 Published:2019-01-05
Contact: Chao YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了增大传质和传热面积，多相反应器中分散相通常以颗粒形式（气泡、液滴或固体颗粒）分散、运动于连续相流体中，与周围的连续相及其他分散相颗粒的相互作用使颗粒和颗粒群呈现复杂的时空非均相行为。多相反应器中非均相特性的准确描述是发展准确的反应器模型、进行定量诊断分析和优化设计高效反应器的必要基础。本文总结了多相反应器中颗粒和颗粒群的复杂时空行为，提出了当前多相反应器非均相特性测量正面临的在线测量、高分散相浓度和多分散相等主要难题；综述了多相反应器测量技术研究的进展，指出了PC和PV等光纤测量技术是较经济的高浓度两相反应器的在线测量技术，而侵入式照相法测量结果更准确，具备解决上述测量难题方面的可行性，具备较好的应用前景，但要实现工业在线测量仍存在一些高难度的技术问题需要解决。

关键词: 测量仪器, 多相反应器, 粒度分布, 浓度, 流场, 颗粒群

Abstract:

In order to increase the mass/heat transfer area, the dispersed phases in multiphase reactors are usually dispersed into the continuous phase fluid in the form of particles (bubbles, droplets or solid particles). The interactions with the surrounding continuous phase and other dispersed phase particles make the particles and particle swarms present the complex temporal and spatial heterogeneous behaviors. It is the essential basis to describe accurately these heterogeneous characteristics for modeling accurately, diagnosing quantitatively and optimizing multiphase reactors. In this work, the complex temporal and spatial heterogeneous behaviors of particles and particle swarms in multiphase reactors are summarized and three main measurement problems, i.e., on-line, dense dispersed phase and multi-dispersed phase measurements are put forward in multiphase reactors. The progresses in the measurement techniques of multiphase reactors are summarized. It is pointed out that the optical fiber measurement techniques such as PC and PV probes are more economical for on-line measurement of the dense two-phase reactors, while the invasive photography technology is more accurate. It provides the feasibility to solve the above measurement problems and has a good applicable prospect. However, there are still some technical problems to be solved in order to realize the industrial on-line heterogeneous measurement of multiphase reactors.

Key words: measuring instrument, multiphase reactor, particle size distribution, holdup, flow field, particle swarm

中图分类号:

TQ056.1

李向阳, 王浩亮, 冯鑫, 陈杰, 毛在砂, 李国征, 杨超. 多相反应器的非均相特性测量技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 45-71.

Xiangyang LI, Haoliang WANG, Xin FENG, Jie CHEN, Zaisha MAO, Guozheng LI, Chao YANG. Progresses in measurement technologies of heterogeneous characteristics in multiphase reactors[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 45-71.

图/表 42

图1 多相反应器中颗粒受力分析[11]

图2 气液搅拌槽反应器中流型变化[12]

图3 气含率对曳力的影响[7]

图4 颗粒分布的不均匀性对曳力系数的影响[29]

图5 气液多尺度模型方法[30]

图6 鼓泡床湍流鼓泡流结构[44]

图7 双纤探针结构及其测量原理示意图

图8 双光纤探针信号采集和同步图像的比较[80]

图9 四光纤探针示意图[83]

图10 两种类型的反射型探头[88]

图11 PC型颗粒浓度测量仪

图12 信号电压与颗粒浓度矫正曲线[94]

图13 PV型颗粒浓度测量仪

表1 PV和其他常见颗粒速度测量方法对比

测量方法	装置	颗粒速度/m·s^-1	测量参数	作者
碰撞法	固定床及沸腾床	0.005～0.3	颗粒速度	Heertjes等^[101]
取样法	循环流化床锅炉	0.9～2.7	固体质量流率和颗粒速度	Zhang等^[97]
PV型光纤探头	高气固通量的下行床	3.6～12.2	颗粒速度、固相含率、固体通量	Wang等^[95]
PV型光纤探头	稠密颗粒射流撞击壁面	0.7～6.5	颗粒射流速度	Shi等^[102]
PV型光纤探头	环隙式湍动流化床	0.25～2.9	固相浓度、颗粒速度	Wu等^[99]

图14 BVW探针结构[107]

图15 BVW-2型多通道气泡参数测量仪

图16 ABS声学气泡检测

图17 气泡生成声波信号时间序列和声波谱图[128]

图18 LDV测量原理[84]

图19 z/H=0.2处连续相周向速度[133]

图20 PIV测量原理[136]

图21 PIV测量含8%玻璃珠搅拌槽内流场[141]

图22 PEPT方法测量原理及应用[145]

图23 断层扫描技术测量流程[146]

图23 3D-ECT原理及传感器设计[156]

图24 用3D-ECT气液鼓泡塔重构图像与图像法的比较[156]

图25 鼓泡床内流型观察[166]

图26 搅拌槽内气泡尺寸测量[71]

图27 取样照相装置[171]

图28 两种方法测不同尺寸气泡分布[174]

图29 浸入式照相系统及其应用[175]

图30 远心照相多相测量仪

图31 远心照相多相测量仪同步控制模式

图32 图像传感器呈像的特征曲线[184]

图33 三种照明方式[185]

图34 颗粒散射原理[184,186]

图36 最大可测浓度范围与颗粒直径和光路长度的关系[175]

图37 不同镜头的光路图

表2 不同镜头的光学畸变

远心镜头	普通镜头

微小畸变	桶形畸变	胡须形畸变	枕形畸变

图38 远心照相测量仪验证[95]

图39 远心照相测量获得不同体系的图像

图40 远心照相测量技术应用于气-液固三相体系测量

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多相反应器的非均相特性测量技术进展

Progresses in measurement technologies of heterogeneous characteristics in multiphase reactors

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