流化床-化学气相沉积技术在先进核燃料制备中的应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0416

化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (04): 1646-1653.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0416

流化床-化学气相沉积技术在先进核燃料制备中的应用进展

刘马林()

北京清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院，先进核能技术协同创新中心，北京 100084

收稿日期:2018-03-01 修回日期:2018-06-06 出版日期:2019-04-05 发布日期:2019-04-05
通讯作者: 刘马林
作者简介:刘马林（1982—），男，副教授，博士生导师，E-mail：<email>liumalin@tsinghua.edu.cn</email>。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金-重大研究计划培育项目(91634113);国家科技重大专项(2017ZX06901025-003，2017ZX06901027-005)

Research activities on FB-CVD technology application in advanced nuclear fuel fabrication

Malin LIU()

Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2018-03-01 Revised:2018-06-06 Online:2019-04-05 Published:2019-04-05
Contact: Malin LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

流化床-化学气相沉积（FB-CVD）技术是化工流化床技术和材料化学气相沉积制备技术的交叉耦合，兼有流化床处理量大、传热快、温度均匀以及化学气相沉积温度调节范围广、产物丰富多样等优点，其在先进核燃料制备中有着重要的应用，但随着先进核燃料“质”和“量”的不断发展要求，现有的FB-CVD技术有许多方面亟待完善。本文回顾了作者课题组利用流化床-化学气相沉积在高温气冷堆TRISO核燃料颗粒、先进核燃料包覆颗粒、核燃料示踪颗粒、基体SiC纳米颗粒、SiC@Al₂O₃复合纳米颗粒等方面的研究进展，阐述了基本方法、实验过程和典型研究结果，并分析了流化床-化学气相沉积过程中遇到的实际问题。指出了FB-CVD技术未来发展方向，主要涉及反应器规模化放大和连续性生产、孔口沉积消除及温区控制、粉体制备中的纳米颗粒连续收集、新型反应器及工艺设计等方面，具体包括高密度颗粒稳定流化放大准则、床层局部温区控制以及分区流化床结构设计等。

关键词: 流化床, 化学气相沉积, 先进核燃料, 颗粒包覆, 纳米颗粒制备

Abstract:

Fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FB-CVD) technology is a cross coupling of chemical fluidized bed technology and chemical vapor deposition material preparation technology. It has many advantages, such as high heat transport rate, homogenous concentration field and has important applications in the preparation of advanced nuclear fuel, but more improvements should be considered for the development of modern nuclear fuels. Research progress of several aspects of fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition technology in our research group, such as the fabrication of TRISO particles in high temperature gas cooled reactor, advanced nuclear fuel coated particles, tracer particles of spherical fuel element, SiC nanoparticles and SiC@Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles used as fuel element matrix were summarized. The basic concept, experimental process and typical results were given. The actual problems combined with the long-term research experience of fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition process worthy of researcher’s attention were also proposed, including several main aspects, such as reactor scale-up and continuous production, nozzle accretion and temperature profile control, powders collection system and new reactor design, especially about scale-up of high density particle steady fluidization state and sub-structure design of fluidized bed.

Key words: fluidized-bed, chemical vapor deposition, advanced nuclear fuel, particle coating, nanoparticle preparation

中图分类号:

TQ051.1

刘马林. 流化床-化学气相沉积技术在先进核燃料制备中的应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(04): 1646-1653.

Malin LIU. Research activities on FB-CVD technology application in advanced nuclear fuel fabrication[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(04): 1646-1653.

图/表 7

图1 流化床-化学气相沉积技术

图2 TRISO型包覆颗粒相关图片

图3 新型包覆燃料颗粒设计及截面扫描电镜照片

图4 核燃料示踪用含钴包覆颗粒设计图及SEM照片

图5 SiC粉末和包覆燃料颗粒复合制备全陶瓷型微胶囊式核燃料

图6 不同温度和气氛下制备的尺寸可调的SiC纳米颗粒[19]

图7 孔口沉积现象

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流化床-化学气相沉积技术在先进核燃料制备中的应用进展

Research activities on FB-CVD technology application in advanced nuclear fuel fabrication

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