碳捕集能效分析研究进展:理论模型、评价工具和发展趋势

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-0250

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳捕集和封存技术（CCS）能够有效减缓CO₂排放，但单位捕集能耗过高限制了规模化应用和发展。为解决这一瓶颈，需要从能源转换和能质转化观点出发，构建清晰的能效研究框架。本文首先综述了能效理论模型：分离模型、碳泵模型和过程模型，并从基础理论、模型特点和发展水平等方面进行比较。其后，基于热力学第一定律和第二定律归纳了现有能效评价工具和指标，并以典型捕集技术为案例，对其能效性能进行了对比评价，在方法论层面讨论了工具的应用意义。最后对碳捕集能效研究的发展趋势进行了梳理：可再生能源的集成可以补偿能耗损失，但会使能效分析更加复杂；考虑到碳质迁移全链条过程，需应用全生命周期评价（LCA）方法强化能效评价；实际运行的动态特性，要求能效分析模型的时间尺度需进一步缩小。本文综述的研究框架对碳捕集技术的能效研究具有一定的指导性。

关键词: 二氧化碳捕集, 热力学, 模型, 再生能源, 太阳能

Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is regarded as an effective measure for reducing CO₂ emissions. However, considerable energy consumption is required for the capture, which limits a large-scale application in the industrial field. Thus, a clear research framework on energy efficiency of CCS should be provided to solve such technological bottleneck, based on the viewpoints of energy conversion and management. In this paper, a summary on the theoretical model of energy-efficiency analysis is firstly presented in terms of separation, process and carbon pump model. A comparative analysis is briefly conducted on the aspects of fundamental theory, model feature and development level. The evaluation tools and indexes, which are developed based on the first law and second law of thermodynamics, are summarized as well. Through a briefing comparative study on energy-efficiency performance of typical capture technologies, the application significance of such evaluation tools is discussed in the aspect of research methodology. Finally, the developing trend of the research on energy-efficiency of CCS is presented:the integration of renewable energy into CCS can compensate the energy penalty, but the analysis of energy-efficiency will be much more complicated; considering the carbon migration process in a whole-chain, life cycle assessment (LCA) method is required to refine the evaluation of energy-efficiency; dynamic characteristic of the actual operation requires a smaller time scale in energy-efficiency analysis. The reviewed research framework would provide useful guidance for the future work.

Key words: carbon dioxide capture, thermodynamics, model, renewable energy, solar energy

中图分类号:

TK519

何俊南, 王珺瑶, 邓帅, 赵睿恺, 赵力. 碳捕集能效分析研究进展:理论模型、评价工具和发展趋势[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(S1): 406-415.

HE Junnan, WANG Junyao, DENG Shuai, ZHAO Ruikai, ZHAO Li. Research progress on energy-efficiency analysis of carbon capture:theoretical model, evaluation tool and developing trend[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(S1): 406-415.

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