加氢裂化反应动力学建模研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 加氢裂化是炼油与石化行业的关键技术,借助反应动力学建模以及软件模拟技术来深入认识加氢裂化反应机理并指导生产,优化装置操作条件,可以给企业带来显著的经济效益.本文主要对利用集总法来模拟加氢裂化反应过程动力学的相关研究进行了综述,包括基于生产方案划分的集总、离散集总以及连续集总建立的反应动力学模型[微软用户1],重点介绍了这三类集总模型的建模思路及发展现状,对不同模型的优缺点和反应网络进行了详细的对比分析,其中连续集总模型能够充分考虑混合物性质、反应途径以及切割方案变化的影响,进而实现对加氢裂化这一复杂体系反应器的模拟,准确预测其产品分布和产品性质.同时,本文还指出未来加氢裂化反应动力学建模深入研究的方向,将集总法建模和分子法建模有效结合,开发出一个全面的混合动力学模型,将是未来加氢裂化反应器模拟中一项很有意义并且具有挑战的工作.

关键词: 加氢, 反应, 集总法, 动力学模型

Abstract: Hydrocracking is a key technology in the refining and petrochemical industry. With the help of reaction kinetics modeling and simulation techniques to understand hydrocracking mechanisms and to guide production, optimize plant operation can bring significant economic benefits could be achieved. This paper focuses on the use of lump method to study the relevant researches on hydrocracking reaction kinetics, including the kinetics models based on lumped by production method classification, discrete lumped and continuous lumped, describes the modeling method and development situation of these three kinds of lumped models, and presents the advantages and disadvantages of corresponding reaction networks. Comparison and analysis of the lumped models will provide a reference for modeling of hydrocracking. The continuous lumped model can take the properties of mixture and reaction pathways as well as changes of cutting schemes into consideration, then realize simulation of the complicated system hydrocracking reactor, and accurately predict distribution and properties of products. Meanwhile, further research direction of hydrocracking reaction kinetics modeling is also pointed out. Combining lump modeling and molecular modeling and developing a comprehensive mixed kinetic model will be a meaningful and challenging work in hydrocracking reactor simulation.

Key words: hydrogenation, reaction, lumped method, kinetics modeling

中图分类号:

TE624

李中华, 肖武, 阮雪华, 贺高红. 加氢裂化反应动力学建模研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(04): 988-994.

LI Zhonghua,XIAO Wu,RUAN Xuehua, HE Gaohong. Research progress of hydrocracking reaction kinetic model[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(04): 988-994.

参考文献

[1] GUAN C,WANG Z,YU S,et al. Upgrading petroleum residue by two-stage hydrocracking[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2004,85(2):165-172.
[2] PANG W W,KURAMAE M,KINOSHITA Y,et al. Plugging problems observed in severe hydrocracking of vacuum residue[J]. Fuel,2009,88(4):663-669.
[3] KUMAR H,FROMENT G F. Mechanistic kinetic modeling of the hydrocracking of complex feedstocks,such as vacuum gas oils[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2007,46(18):5881-5897.
[4] FAHIM M A,AL-SAHHAF T A,ELKILANI A,et al. Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,2009.
[5] MARTENS G G,MARIN G B. Kinetics for hydrocracking based on structural classes:model development and application[J]. AIChE Journal,2001,47(7):1607-1622.
[6] WEEKMAN V W. Model of catalytic cracking conversion in fixed,moving,and fluid-bed reactors[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1968,7(1):90-95.
[7] PELLEGRINI L A,GAMBA S,CALEMMA V,et al. Modelling of hydrocracking with vapour–liquid equilibrium[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2008,63(17):4285-4291.
[8] HOU W F,SU H Y,HU Y Y,et al. Lumped kinetics model and its on-line application to commercial catalytic naphtha reforming process[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering,2006,57(7):1605-1611.
[9] JAFFE S B,FREUND H,OLMSTEAD W N. Extension of structure-oriented lumping to vacuum residua[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2005,44(26):9840-9852.
[10] FROMENT G F. Single event kinetic modeling of complex catalytic processes[J]. Catalysis Reviews,2005,47(1):83-124.
[11] QADER S A,HILL G R. Hydrocracking of gas oil[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1969,8(1):98-105.
[12] STANGELAND B E. A kinetic model for the prediction of hydrocracker yields[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1974,13(1):71-76.
[13] LAXMINARASIMHAN C S,RAMACHANDRAN P. A continuous
[14] YUI S M,SANFORD E C. Mild hydrocraeking of bitumen-derivede coker and hydrocracker heavy gas oils:kineties,product yields,andproduct properties[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,1989,28(9):1178-1284.
[15] AOYAGI K,MCCAFFREY W C,GRAY M R. Kinetics of hydrocracking and hydrotreating of coker and oilsands gas oils[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology,2003,21(5):997-1015.
[16] 喻胜飞,罗武生. 重油加氢裂化四集总反应动力学模型的研究[J]. 石油化工设计,2007,24(1):15-17.
[17] SADIGHI S,AHMAD A,RASHIDZADEH M. 4-Lump kinetic model for vacuum gas oil hydrocracker involving hydrogen consumption[J]. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2010,27(4):1099-1108.
[18] ZHAO Y X,LI D,LIN X. Lumping kinetics of asphaltene hydrocracking over Ni-Mo/γ-Al[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2012,396:806-810.
[19] 朱豫飞,张治和. 加氢裂化反应动力学模型初步探讨[J]. 炼油设计,1990,20(3):18-23.
[20] SÁNCHEZ S,RODRÍGUEZ M A,Ancheyta J. Kinetic model for moderate hydrocracking of heavy oils[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2005,44(25):9409-9413.
[21] KUMAR A,SINHA S. Steady state modeling and simulation of hydrocracking reactor[J]. Petroleum & Coal,2012,54(1):59-64.
[22] SADIGHI S,AHMAD A. An optimisation approach for increasing the profit of a commercial VGO hydrocracking process[J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2013,91(6):1077-1091.
[23] 郑明方,张素贞. 加氢裂化反应器数学模型的研究[J]. 石油化工自动化,1998 (4):31-34.
[24] 李群勇. 加氢裂化反应器的建模和仿真[D]. 厦门:厦门大学,2008.
[25] ELKILANI A,FAHIM M. Six-Lump hydrocracking model for maximizing aviation turbine kerosene[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology,2015,33(2):237-244.
[26] MASOUDIAN S K,SADIGHI S,ABBASI A,et al. Regeneration of a commercial catalyst for the dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology,2013,36(9):1593-1598.
[27] JARULLAH A T,MUJTABA I M,WOOD A S. Kinetic model development and simulation of simultaneous hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodemetallization of crude oil in trickle bed reactor[J]. Fuel,2011,90(6):2165-2181.
[28] STANGELAND B E. A kinetic model for the prediction of hydrocracker yields[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1974,13(1):71-76.
[29] MOHANTY S,SARAF D N,KUNZRU D. Modeling of a hydrocracking reactor[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,1991,29(1):1-17.
[30] 杨朝合,林世雄. 重质油加氢裂化反应动力学的研究[J]. 石油与天然气化工,1998,27(1):19-24.
[31] BOTCHWEY C,DALAI A K,ADJAYE J. Product selectivity during hydrotreating and mild hydrocracking of bitumen-derived gas oil[J]. Energy & Fuels,2003,17(5):1372-1381.
[32] 卢建翔,周华,师佳,等. 工业加氢裂化反应器模型的建立[J]. 石油学报,2010,26(6):966-971.
[33] BHUTANI N,RAY A K,RANGAIAH G P. Modeling,simulation,and multi-objective optimization of an industrial hydrocracking unit[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2006,45(4):1354-1372.
[34] ZHOU H,LU J,CAO Z,et al. Modeling and optimization of an industrial hydrocracking unit to improve the yield of diesel or kerosene[J]. Fuel,2011,90(12):3521-3530.
[35] PACHECO M A,DASSORI C G. Hydrocracking:an improved kinetic model and reactor modeling[J]. Chemical Engineering Communications,2002,189(12):1684-1704.
[36] LI G,XIA Y,ZENG W. Kinetic mechanism research of an industrial hydrocracker based on strict calculation of stoichiometric coefficients[J]. Fuel,2013,103:285-291.
[37] HAN L,FANG X,PENG C,et al. Application of discrete lumped kinetic modeling on vacuum gas oil hydrocracking[J]. China Petroleum Processing and Petro-chemical Technology,2013,15(2):67-73.
[38] PURON H,ARCELUS-ARRILLAGA P,CHIN K K,et al. Kinetic analysis of vacuum residue hydrocracking in early reaction stages[J]. Fuel,2014,117:408-414.
[39] FUKUYAMA H,TERAI S. Kinetic study on the hydrocracking reaction of vacuum residue using a lumping model[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology,2007,25(1):277-287.
[40] MARTÍNEZ J,ANCHEYTA J. Kinetic model for hydrocracking of heavy oil in a CSTR involving short term catalyst deactivation[J]. Fuel,2012,100:193-199.
[41] SÁNCHEZ S,RODRÍGUEZ M A,ANCHEYTA J. Kinetic model for moderate hydrocracking of heavy oils[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2005,44(25):9409-9413.
[42] LAXMINARASIMHAN C S,VERMA R P,RAMACHANDRAN P A. Continuous lumping model for simulation of hydrocracking[J]. AIChE Journal,1996,42(9):2645-2653.
[43] NARASIMHAN C S L,THYBAUT J W,MARIN G B,et al. Kinetic modeling of pore mouth catalysis in the hydroconversion of n-octane on Pt-H-ZSM-22[J]. Journal of Catalysis,2003,220(2):399-413.
[44] BASAK K,SAU M,MANNA U,et al. Industrial hydrocracker model based on novel continuum lumping approach for optimization in petroleum refinery[J]. Catalysis Today,2004,98(1):253-264.
[45] ELIZALDE I,RODRÍGUEZ M A,ANCHEYTA J. Application of continuous kinetic lumping modeling to moderate hydrocracking of heavy oil[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2009,365(2):237-242.
[46] ELIZALDEI,ANCHEYTA J. On the detailed solution and application of the continuous kinetic lumping modeling to hydrocracking of heavy oils[J]. Fuel,2011,90(12):3542-3550.
[47] SILDIR H,ARKUN Y,CAKAL B,et al. A dynamic non-isothermal model for a hydrocracking reactor:model development by the method of continuous lumping and application to an industrial unit[J]. Journal of Process Control,2012,22(10):1956-1965.
[48] AREFI A,KHORASNEH F,FARHADI F. Application of a continuous kinetic model for the hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology,2014,32(18):2245-2252.
[49] ELIZALDE I,ANCHEYTA J. Modeling catalyst deactivation during
hydrocracking of atmospheric residue by using the continuous kinetic
lumping model[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2014,123:114-121.
[50] BECKER P J,CELSE B,GUILLAUME D,et al. Hydrotreatment modeling for a variety of VGO feedstocks:a continuous lumping approach[J]. Fuel,2015,139:133-143.