均相碱催化法生物柴油副产甘油精制的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.02.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 介绍了生物柴油生产过程中甘油的产生情况及均相碱催化法得到的生物柴油副产物的相关成分组成。归纳出均相碱催化法得到的生物柴油副产物甘油的精制全过程,并研究了该精制过程中副产物组分的相关变化,同时分析了精制过程中的相关影响因素(稀释剂的种类及用量、酸的种类及pH值)。提出建议:均相碱催化法制备生物柴油的伴生副产物甘油比较适合采用“预处理分离+粗甘油精制”组合工艺制备高纯度甘油,且预处理分离中常采用甲醇作稀释剂,用磷酸调节pH值比较适宜,同时应将pH值调节在2.5～4.0范围内;分离后的粗甘油经减压蒸馏、离子交换、膜分离、萃取或分子蒸馏等技术精制后,用活性炭吸附脱色,可获得高纯度甘油。

关键词: 生物柴油, 催化作用, 过程控制, 甘油

Abstract: The glycerol and other by-product component from the production of biodiesel by homogeneous base catalysis are introduced. The whole purification process of glycerol produced from the biodiesel is concluded and the changes of the components in the biodiesel by-products during purification are studied. Meanwhile,the main factors (the categories and dosage of dilute,acid species and pH value) which influence the glycerol purification from by-products are analyzed. It is recommended that the combined processes “pretreatment & the purification of crude glycerol” are suitable to generate high purity glycerol,and methanol is often used as diluents for the separation of glycerol from other components under acid condition within the pH of 2.5—4.0(adjusted by phosphoric acid).Then high-purity glycerol can be finally obtained through a series of processes such as vacuum distillation,ion exchange,membrane separation,extraction and molecular distillation followed by decolorization with activated carbon.

Key words: biodiesel, catalysis, process control, glycerol

中图分类号:

X705

周超, 王凡, 贺文智, 李光明. 均相碱催化法生物柴油副产甘油精制的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(02): 463-471.

ZHOU Chao, WANG Fan, HE Wenzhi, LI Guangming. Research development in purification of glycerol produced from the homogeneous base catalyzed biodiesel[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(02): 463-471.

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