Numerous new developments and applications of solid-state NMR technique have evolved. The most important progress is the high-resolution techniques for quadrupolar nuclei，double-resonance methods and multiple-quantum techniques for the study of interatomic distance between the atoms in the framework and the atoms in the adsorbed molecule. The instrument improvement such as MAS and DOR，pulse sequences development for multi quantum resonance (MQMAS)，double resonance like REDOR，specially designed in situ process，and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are introduced in this paper through the examples of the characterization of catalytic materials used in the refining and petrochemical industries.

Production of clean diesel fuel with a low even ultra-low sulfur content and high cetane number is becoming an urgent task for refineries over the world. Among the various methods for producing clean diesel fuel，improving catalytic activity of hydrotreating catalysts is the most effective and economical one. Starting from the active phase theory for transition metal sulfide hydrotreating catalysts and the pathways of hydrodesulfurization and hydrodearomatization reactions，this review summarizes various approaches to improving the activity of hydrotreating catalysts to meet the needs of diesel fuel deep hydrodesulfurization and hydrodearomatization. The methods reviewed include：(Ⅰ) enhancing hydrogenation performance of active species; (Ⅱ) introducing acidic centers with moderate acidity; (Ⅲ) weakening metal-support interaction; (Ⅳ) improving the dispersion of active species. We conclude that developing a new support with high surface area and moderate acidity and exploring new catalyst preparation methods to increase the dispersion of active species without strengthening metal-support interaction are two of the main routes to further increase performance of diesel hydrorefining catalysts.

The preparation of p-aminodiphenylamine by the nitrobenzene process is reviewed．The research progress of organic solvent and bases，control of temperature and water content，hydrogenation catalytst and reactor is summarized. The advantage of preparation of p-aminodiphenylamine by the carbanilide process is discussed.

The catalysts in which rare earth metal oxide is added for hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming are summarized. The study of catalysts for ethanol steam reforming is reviewed. Three kinds of rare earth metals oxide CeO2，Y2O3 and La2O3 used frequently at present are compared，and their different functions are discussed. The research direction in the future is presented according to the latest research progress.

Ver increasing energy consumption，energy storage techniques are becoming more and more important. It is well known that latent heat storage system (LHTS) is an efficient heat storage system. The phase change materials (PCMs) play an important role in the latent heat thermal storage system. However，some PCMs (especially some organic PCMs) may be limited with low thermal conductivity. Heat transfer enhancement of the PCMs have received great attention as energy saving is becoming more and more important. Various heat transfer enhancement methods are reviewed and discussed，including using metal filler，graphite filler，micro-encapsulation，fins，carbon fibers and multiple change materials. It is reported that the development direction of the PCMs is high thermal conductivity，small weight and low cost.

The progress of research and biomedical application of porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) microspheres and microcapsules is reviewed. The achievements of preparation and application of porous PHEMA microspheres and microcapsules in bio-adsorption and drug carriers are introduced. The research trends of the porous microspheres and microcapsules are also prospected.

The progress of preparation of nanomaterial with ultrasound，microwave，electric field，magnetic field to improve the structure and photocatalytic activity of the nanometerial is reviewed. The combination of the process of nanomaterial with external field assisted photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds is introduced. Finally，the application prospects and the research directions of external field are presented.

Rhizopus oryzae，known as a preferred fungus，is a species with outstanding capacity of almost optically pure L-lactic acid production. Current studies on L -lactic acid fermentation by immobilized Rhizopus oryzae mainly focus on the selection of immobilizing material and the design of new bioreactor for fermentation. Through the review and discussion，immobilized fermentation is considered as an efficient way to reduce the cost and expand the application field of L -lactic acid

Research progress of low temperature electrolytes in Li-ion batteries，such as conducting lithium salt，organic solvent and additives is reviewed and analyzed. The electrochemical properties and low temperature performance of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) based organic solvent are presented and compared. In order to modify the electrochemical and low temperature properties of the two important organic solvents above，a few important methods are introduced. It can be concluded that the optimization of organic solvent and use of additives are effective means to improve the low temperature performance of organic liquid electrolyte. The development and application trend of low temperature electrolytes for Li-ion batteries are also discussed.

Electrolyte is very important in the study of rechargeable magnesium batteries. Electrode materials are limited by the electrolyte. In this paper，electrolyte materials are reviewed，including organic Grignard salt solution electrolyte and novel Mg ion conductive gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The corresponding preparation technology and the main problems are also detailed. Finally，the development trend of the electrolyte of rechargeable magnesium batteries is discussed.

The mechanically stirred air lift bioreactors are a kind of novel and high-performance bioreactors，which are paid more attention due to their excellent merits in recent years and may have a good prospest. The corrent research progress of mechanically agitated airlift bioreactors at home and abroad is summarized. The paper also compares the mechanically stirred air lift bioreactors with mechanically stirred bioreactors and air lift bioreactors and points out its strengths. Besides，the basic structure，hydromechanics characteristics and relevant parameters of the novel bioreactors are introduced and analyzed in detail as well as their applications in fermentation and chemical industry in the future.

This article reviews the development and applications of electrochemical technologies in industrial wastewater treatment. Electrochemical oxidation，electrochemical reduction，electrocoagulation，electroflotation，electrodialysis are described. But so far，electrochemical technology has not been commercialized because of low current efficiency，high-energy consumption and high operating costs. Consequently，how to enhance mass transfer characteristics and to increase current efficiency，develop highly efficient electrochemical cell for wastewater treatment is still a very urgent problem. Particularly，it is indicated that anodic materials for bio-refractory wastewater treatment，electrochemical reactors，combined electrochemical methods，biofilm-elctrode process will be the directions of electrochemical processes of industrial wastewater treatment in the future.

This paper presents the research and development of treating phenol-containing waste water by physical method，biochemical process and advanced oxidation technique. Some suggestions for further research of phenol decontamination are also provided.

The advance in catalytic incineration of tail gas from sulfur recovery processing is reviewed based on patents，papers，commercial catalysts and proprietary techniques. The technological and economic parameters of thermal incineration and catalytic incineration are compared. A catalytic incineration system could save fuel consumption effectively，which is more suitable for catalytic incineration of cleaner streams such as SCOT tail gas.

The present situation of synthesis of aramides by catalytic hydrogenation was reviewed. The preparation of Pd-Fe/SiO₂ catalyst by the dipping process is introduced. Factors affecting catalytic properties，such as carrier，components，reductant，baking temperature，and time，were studied，and optimal conditions were obtained as：w(Pd)=5%，w(Fe)=0.2%; potassium borohydride as reductant; Pd-Fe/ SiO₂ was roasted for 4 h at 500 ℃. Tests for reusing the catalyst，verifying optimal conditions，and comparing with other catalysts such as Raney Ni，Pt/C，and Pd/C were made. The results showed that Pd-Fe/ SiO2 catalyst had high selectivity，the yield of the reaction was more than 97.5%，the purity of product was more than 98.0%，and the catalyst can be reused 10 times .

Dicyclopentadiene dioxide epoxy (DCPDE) resin was modified by polyurethane (PU) grafting interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on copolymer (CPMI-co-EMDCPE) as curing agent in order to increase the thermal stability and compatibility of PU/DCPDE IPNs，which was started from N-(p-carboxyphenyl) maleimide (CPMI) and ethylene glycol monodicyclopentenylether (EMDCPE) monomers. Infrared spectral analysis was used to characterize the chemical structures of the copolymer and the IPNs. The mechanical properties，thermal stability and morphology of the resulted coatings were also investigated. The results indicated that the formation of DCPDE/PU IPNs increased flexibility，traction and strike of resulted coatings according to their nature and percentage concentration. The incorporation of copolymers (CPMI-co-EMDCPE) as curing agent into the polyurethane modified dicyclopentadiene dioxide epoxy resin universally increased thermal stability of DCPDE/PU IPNs. Surface morphology of modified dicyclopentadiene dioxide epoxy resin investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that modified DCPDE resin exhibited heterogeneous morphology.

High voltage pulsed discharge /O3 combined technology was utilized to treat oilfield wastewater and improve the biodegradability. The changes of COD、BOD5 and BOD5/COD were investigated under different conditions. Water samples were analyzed by GC-MS to investigate the mechanism of biodegradability improvement. The results showed that the efficiency of HVPD/O3 combined technology was higher than the separate HVPD and O3 treatment respectively，BOD5/COD was up to 0.31 in 5minutes and 0.46 in 10 minutes，the biodegradability of oilfield wastewater was improved effectively. In addition，the GC-MS results indicated that the large molecular organic pollutants in oilfield wastewater were degraded to low molecular pollutants after HVPD/O3 combined technology treatment.

By means of CFD，geometrical model development and gridding compartmentalization of the radiation segment of ethylene cracking furnace as calculation field were performed. By using mathematical models suitable for combustion of ethylene cracking furnace，k-ε turbulent flow model，composition PDF transport model and DO radiation model，the numerical simulation of combustion，flow，heat and mass transfer process was studied. Velocity，temperature，concentration were distributed asymmetrically. The result was in agreement with the industrial process.This validated the reliability and rationality of mathematical models of combustion process and provided the theoretical reference for optimizing the structure of cracking furnace.

Pinch analysis was conducted to reach the minimal hydrogen utility in a hydrogen distribution network in refinery，in which the constraints of hydrogen flow rate，hydrogen purity，contaminants and stream pressure were taken into consideration. Some matching rules were proposed in the optimization of a hydrogen distribution network. A case study was used to perform the analysis and calculation. The pinch analysis is an effective method in the optimization of hydrogen distribution network. The matching rules proposed in this paper can be useful in optimizing hydrogen distribution network.

The two-phase flow in an anode channel was simulated by commercial software Fluent to study the effects of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties on liquid distribution and gas behavior. The results showed that carbon-dioxide gas moved quickly on the hydrophobic surface. But hydrophobic channel side-wall had little benefits on the reactants transportiing to the gas diffusion layer (GDL). The reactants transportiing to GDL could be improved in an anode channel with hydrophilic channel side-wall and hydrophilic GDL surface，but it took more time for the gas to move out of the anode channel. An anode channel with hydrophilic channel side-wall and hydrophobic GDL surface avoided gas accumulation on the GDL surface，and facilitated the gas discharging and liquid transporting to GDL.

Two series of crosslinking polyurethaneurea (PUU) aqueous dispersions were prepared from polyether polyol，isophorone diisocyanate，dimethylolpropionic acid and ethylenediamine，in which castor oil and trimethylolpropane were used as internal crosslinking agents respectively. The properties of the cross-linked PUU aqueous dispersions and their films were investigated. The results showed that for these aqueous dispersions，the particle size increased as the crosslinking agent content increased，but the polydispersity index was very narrow (≤1.15). Compared with the linear PUU aqueous dispersion，the cross-linked PUU one exhibited larger particle size but the film prepared with the latter exhibited excellent waterproof performance and mechanical properties. The water absorption ratio of the cross-linked PUU films decreased from 52.4% to 12.0%.

A mixed culture，which could degrade 1 g/L poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) completely，was obtained from a soil sample from one Textile Factory. The effect of different concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources was investigated in the mixed system. The results indicated that organic nitrogen sources were more suitable for this mixed culture to degrade PVA than inorganic nitrogen sources. Three strains were isolated from the PVA-degrading microbial population through the dilution method. Among them two belonged to bacteria and one was mould. One of the bacteria and the mould could produce extracellular PVA-degrading enzyme，but none of them could degrade PVA completely alone.

A kind of phenol degrading bacteria (BW-1)，which was able to grow on phenol as sole carbon and energy sources，was isolated from the activated sludge of Northern Shenyang Wastewater Treatment Plant. The highest endurance capability of this bacterial strain for phenol was 2000 mg/L. The results showed that the bacterial strain had strong phenol degradation capability. The phenol degradation rate was above 80% when phenol concentration was 400 mg/L，the temperature was 35 ℃，the pH value was 6.0－7.5，the start culture medium was 60mL，the inoculation volume was 20％，the speed of shake bed was 120 r/min and reaction time was 6 hours. Gucose had some effects on the growth of bacteria and phenol degradation capability. When glucose condentration was 600 mg/L，phenol degradation rate of the bacterial BW-1 was still above 60%. It could be useful for treating phenol-containing wastewater with other kinds of carbon sources.

E.coli engineering-bacterium that expressed 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase(PDH) gene from Klebsiella.p was cultured in 5 L fermentor at 30℃，pH7.0，200 r/min，microaerobic condition for 20h，after the fermented cells were crushed and separated，the acquired sample was then one-step purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography with HisTrapHP column，this purification process resulted in a 2.94 fold purification of PDH with 50% final yield. One clarity strip was acquired and the relative molecular weight of expression PDH subunits was determined to be approximately 41 kDa using SDS-PAGE. The purified PDH was immobilized by reformative sol-gel (composite gelation) and the immobilized effect was affected by the concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)，alginate (ALG)，CaCl2 and volume ratio of ALG and TEOS. The result showed that optimized immobilized condition was ρ(TEOS)=20 g/L，ρ(ALG)=30 g/L，ρ(CaCl2)=40 g/L，V(ALG)∶V(TEOS)=3∶1. The ALG-SiO2 composite gelation of PDH was stored for 60 days，and immobilized enzyme activity was preserved 80%. When it reacted for batchs，the immobilized enzyme activity was preserved 70.3% after it reacted for 3 batchs，but was preserved 29.8% after it reacted for 6 batchs.

A type of antibacterial material were prepared and designed for surface contact disinfection by grafting polymeric quaternary ammonium salts onto cellulose fiber. Characterization of disinfection process using quaternary ammonium salts grafted cellulose fiber was carried out with S. aureus as model bacteria. A rapid adsorption of S. aureus on the grafted fiber was identified，as indicated by the dramatic reduction of the concentration of viable cells in the suspensions. The TTC-dehydrogenase activity and respiration activity of S. aureus adsorbed on the fiber surface were also determined. The adsorption of S. aureus on the fiber surface was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，which showed the lysis of cell envelope along with the processing. The results obtained in the present study showed that the disinfection process consisted of the adsorption of S. aureus on the fiber surface，activity restraining action and cell lysis.

A novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione derivative DTSO was synthesized .The complex was confirmed by elemental analyses，IR and 1HNMR. The thermal properties of DTSO were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA); and the tribological properties of DTSO as additive in rapeseed oil were examined by using four-ball tester. Worn surface morphology was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) .The result indicated that DTSO possessed good thermal stability and this novel compound as an additive in rapeseed oil was able to obviously decrease the wear rate and friction coefficient.

Schemes of the downstream products of methanol were optimized by the theory of system engineering and a comprehensive evaluation model involving technology，economics，and market aspects was established by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to calculate，analyze，and appraise the schemes of the downstream products of methanol. The conclusion showed that the most ideal product scheme for a coal based 1.8 Mt/a methanol project was to match a 1.2 Mt/a dimethyl ether (DME) project and an effective method was provided for scheme optimization of the downstream products of methanol.

The quaternary amino groups containing cationic starch with a high degree of substitution (DS) was prepared via the reaction of corn starch with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTMA) using pre-drying dry process. The effects of the amount of CHPTMA，the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to CHPTMA，reaction temperature and time on DS and reaction efficiency were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions of preparing high DS cationic starch were as follows：the amount of CHPTMA was 55% of mass of starch，the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to CHPTMA was 1.2，reaction temperature was 85℃ and reaction time was 4h.The cationic starch was used to treat molasses alcohol wastewater as flocculant. When the cationic starch concentration was 500 mg/L，DS was 0.39，the initial pH value of wastewater was 9.0，the decolorization efficiency was up to 53.6%.

Aimed at the conditions of treating ammonia in phosphate tail gas at present，rotating packed bed was used as a replacement of the conventional towers with acid waste water as absorbent. Pilot scale experiment was made to determine the capacity of ammonia removal from phosphate tail gas. The result showed that the absorptivity of ammonia could reach 90% when gas flow was 500m³·h^－1，gas-liquid ratio was 1000 m³·m^－3，high gravity factor was 90. Stable operation of the equipment was maintained and the content of ammonia in phosphate tail gas reached the state discharge standards after treatment.