The special features of sub-critical and supercritical water are introduced. An overview of the applications of sub-critical and supercritical hydrothermal treatment for disposing organic wastes in the recent years is presented，including production of organic acid by oxidation and hydrolysis，and degradation of polymers and cellulosic wastes. The progress of research on hydrogen production from biomass by sub-critical and supercritical hydrothermal treatment，especially the catalytic gasification by carbon，alkali，and metal are summarized. The prospect of the sub-critical and supercritical hydrothermal treatment is presented.
supercritical and sub-critical water；hydrothermal treatment；organic wastes

Duing to its unique structural features，fluoro-resin has better weather and wear resistance than other traditional resins. Meanwhile fluorine-containing coatings has been extensively used in various fields due to their excellent properties, such as mechanical properties, weather resistence, stain-proofing and chemicals resistance. The research progress and application of fluoro resin and fluorine-containing coatings are introduced in this paper, and the functionalized characteristics and excellent performance of solvent-based fluoro resin and its coatings and the environmentally friendly performance of fluorine-containing emulsion and its coatings are emphasized. The development trend of environmentally friendly, high performance and multi-functional coatings is pointed out.

The biomedical application of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles is introduced with respect to its composition and structure. It is indicated that polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles have combined properties of long stability and higher drug loading capacity. The methods for the preparation of polymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles are discussed and compared. The preparation of magnetic nanoparticles with higher magnetization response，higher drug loading capacity，and narrow size distribution is to be researched in the future. For targeting delivery，the magnetic nanoparticles should also have high affinity to the tumor cells and could escape from human RES system. For this purpose，some suggestions have been given.

Membrane bioreactors have some advantages of saving resources，environmental protection and clean production in bioconversion of organic compounds，and have already become one of the hot research fields these years. This paper reviews the development of the membrane bioreactors and bioconversion during the past few years，and points out the prospect of future development in this field.

This paper introduces the recent research progress，structures，types and characteristics of reactive emulsifiers. The optimum surfmer behavior and the factors affecting the application of polymerisable emulsifiers are discussed. It is useful for the design and application of the polymerisable emulsifiers.

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a new type of self-setting materials for bone repairing，which has attracted attention of scientists in the world because of its excellent biocompatibility，osteoconductivity，biodegradability and remodellable properties and consequently has a promising prospect in extensive applications. This article reviews the progress in CPC composites and its additives in terms of its high performance and introduces a new type of CPC.

The new methods for nanocapsules preparation are introduced in this paper，including emulsion polymerization，interfacial polymerization，cohesion phase separation，double emulsion evaporation technique，inorganic chemical plating membrane，alternating adsorption of poly-electrolytes. The structure and physicochemical performance of nanocapsules，such as particle size，rate of capsulation，Zeta potential, heat-sensitivity and pH-sensitivity are also reviewed. The development trends for nanocapsules are presented.

The recent progress in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide and methanol is reviewed in terms of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and reaction conditions. The homogeneous catalysts include organometallic alkoxides，alkaline earth metal alkoxides，alkali catalysts and metal acetates. The heterogeneous catalysts include metal supported catalysts，solid base catalysts，and oxide catalysts. The emphasis of the authors’s study was transferred from homogeneous catalyst to heterogeneous catalyst in recent years. The design of catalyst and reaction system，photocatalyst，heteropolyacid catalyst，ion liquid system，promoter，absorbent agent，heteropolyacid catalyst，microwave heating，membrane reactor，and supercritical CO2 solvent system were studied. The study on catalyst development and reaction technology showed that the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol has the prospect of commercialization.

The combination of the process of TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation with microwave，ultrasound，electric field，magnetic field，thermal catalysis，nonthermal plasma and thermal catalysis is a new effective method to improve photocatalytic activity of TiO2. In this paper，the mechanisms of synergistic effect of external field assisted catalysis are discussed，and the research development on degradation of organic compounds is summarized. Finally，application prospects and the research directions in the field of environmental protection are presented.

Recent advances in CeO₂ catalyst support are introduced. It is reported that the unique ability of transferring oxygen makes CeO₂ a good catalyst support in oxidation，methanol cracking，steam reforming and water gas shift (WGS) reaction，methanol decomposition and reduction of nitrogen oxides. Large specific surface area CeO₂support can be prepared by the sol-gel method and supercritical drying method. The main factor of restricting its practical application is the poor thermal stability and mechanical strength.

The use of heteropolyacids as the effective and green catalysts in Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation reactions is reviewed，and some other important organic reactions using heteropolyacids catalyst are also introduced，such as Diels-Alder reaction，esterification，condensation，rearrangement，bromination，oxygenation and asymmetry catalysis etc. The future development in the field of heteropolyacids catalysis is presented.

This paper introduces the advancement in research on replacement of CH4 from hydrate with CO2，and discusses the thermodynamic feasibility of replacment reaction between CO2 and CH4 hydrate，and points out that correct understanding of the replacement mechanism，new reaction techniques and higher reaction rate will be the key to commercial application.

A new type two-component polyurethane paving material used in playground was prepared from liquefied diphenylmethane–4, 4′–diisocyanate (MDI), alkyolamide modified montmorillonite (AOMMT) and organo-rare-earth composite catalyst (REC) . The formulations and properties of product were studied. The results showed that at normal temperature and under the action of REC, AOMMT could replace 3, 3′–dichloro–4，4′–diamino–diphenyl methane, alias methylene–bis–ortho–chloroaniline (MOCA) and there was no poisonous substance such as TDI, MOCA, Pb and Hg in this new material. It could eliminate the poison of these substances in the preparation and use of the polyurethane paving material. Its properties could satisfy the demands of Chinese national standard of GB/T14833–93《Synthetic–Rubber Sports Track》.

Thermobifida fusca WSH03-11 was mutagenized by using DES and a mutant was isolated after three runs of screening. The cutinase activity was improved from 2.3 U/mL to 8.9 U/mL. After sodium acetate was selected as fermentation carbon source，batch microbial cutinase fermentation by a mutant of Thermobifida fusca WSH03-11 at various pH values ranging from 7.0 to 7.9 was studied. Based on time courses of the specific cell growth rate and specific cutinase formation rate at different pH values，a two-stage pH value-shift strategy in which pH value was controlled at 7.3 in the first 20 h，and then switched to 7.6 after 20 h was developed. By applying this pH value-shift strategy in cutinase fermentation，the maximal cutinase activity reached 19.8 U/mL and was increased by 125%，64%，37% and 47%，compared to those with constant pH values at 7.0，7.3，7.6 and 7.9，respectively.

The immobilization of aminoacylase was performed via ionic adsorption on several kinds of weakly basic macroporous anionic resin. Diethylaminoethyl divinyl benzene (DEAE-D/H) was selected as the best immobilization carrier，and the specific activity of aminoacylase was up to 1356.41U/g，much higher than the other carriers. The appropriate concentration of free enzyme solution in immobilization was investigated. The result showed that the optimal concentration of free enzyme solution was 115U/mL; the activity yield was up to 59.49%. When it was used for the optical resolution of N-acetyl-DL-methionine，the optimal pH，temperature and the concentration of Co2+ were 6.5，65℃ and 5×10-4mol/L respectively. Moreover，the enzyme stability was significantly improved，the immobilized enzyme maintained 72.6% initial activity after 30 days of continuous operation. After enzyme inactivation，the protein could be fully desorbed from the resin，and then the resin can be reused，the specific activity of aminoacylase immobilized on regenerative DEAE-D/H was up to 1380.64U/g.

A series of N–phthaloyl-chitosan with different degrees of substitution were synthesized rapidly in homogeneous solution at room temperature. The structure of the product was characterized with FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy，which both showed the amido group of chitosan was phthaloyled. The effects of the mole ratio of anhydride to amino group of chitosan in the feed solution on the solubility，intrinsic viscosity and molecule weight of the product were studied. The moisture-absorption and moisture-retention of the product were also investigated.

In this paper，the catalysis and mechanism of ionic liquids for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) is studied. Though the ionic liquids that have no catalysis and do not change the reaction law，but it is the method for promoting the reaction and the yield of DMC，just because of their good dissolution with carbon dioxide，methanol and DMC .Under the best reaction condition，363K，3.6MPa，8h，and 12/2.3/1.6/1 that mass ratio of CH3OH/ CH3I/[Emim]Br/K2CO3，the yield of DMC could be enhanced from 5.52(wt%) to 6.46(wt%) by [Emim]Br ionic liqiud.

The simulated phenol wastewater was experimentally studied with a three-dimensional activated carbon electrode reactor. The results of static and dynamic tests showed that the removal of phenol accorded with the first order reaction kinetics equation and the rate constant was 0.0103min－1。The Matlab software package was used to analyze the different effects of running conditions on the COD removal efficiency of the three-dimensional electrode reactor. Furthermore, different running conditions were investigated and the experimental results showed that this three-dimensional electrode reactor was stable in running. The phenol and COD removal efficiency could be kept more than 80% during electrolysis.

The conditions and influence factors of de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) in municipal waste incinerators were analyzed . The influence of CuCl2，carbon content，partial pressure of oxygen，reaction temperature and time on the de novo synthesis of PCDD/F were studied. The results indicated that CuCl2 was the most obvious and effective activator. The de dovo synthesis of PCDD/F was favored within a temperature range from 250℃ to 450℃ and a maximum value was reached at 300℃. Measurements and methods were proposed to reduce the PCDD/F formation. A new typical medical waste pyrolysis equipment (3t/d) was designed and developed，and the pyrolysis gas and solid residue were tested .The results showed that most of the HCl，SO2 generated during the pyrolysis process was fixed in the residue，and there was little HCl and SO2 left in the pyrolysis gas，which was much lower than the Chinese standard for emission.

The inlet and outlet pressures of the adsorber and the pressure of oxygen tank of a pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator were studied experimentally. After the curves of pressure were studied, the process without pressure equalization was divided into three steps, and the process with pressure equalization was divided into five steps. In addition the effects of such parameters as the pressure equalization step, the time of pressure equalization, and the purge resistance on the curve of pressure were analyzed.

SrAl2O4 is one of the most important martrix materials for the long persistence phosphors. The precursors with composition of SrCO3•2Al(OH)3•7H2O were prepared by the co-precipitation method from NH4HCO3，NH4Al(SO4)2•12H2O and Sr(NO3)2，and SrAl2O4 powders were obtained from sintering the precursors at a lower temperature than the traditional solid state method. The precursors and the products were characterised with FTIR，SEM，EDS，XRD and TG-DSC. The results indicated that the compositions and surface shapes of samples were greatly affected by molar ratios of Sr and Al and pH. The spherical precursors were prepared with terms of n(Sr)∶n(Al)= 1∶1.6 and pH=7.6，and the mono-dispersed and spherical SrAl2O4 powders were synthesized from sintering the precursors at 1100℃ for 2 h in the air，which was about 400℃ lower than the traditional high temperature solid state method.

Star polyacrylamide(SPAM) was synthesized by the aqueous solution copolymerization method. The effect of various initiator weight dosage，molecular weight regulation agent dosage and temperature of copolymerization system on SPAM intrinsic viscosity waas analyzed and discussed with the orthogonal experiment method.The optimum conditions of reaction were obtained as follows: monomer mass concentration 15%，temperature of copolymerization 35℃，initiator weight dosage 0.04% (relative to monomer mass)，chelate agent dosage 0.005%，anticrosslinking agent dosage 0.015%，pH value of copolymerzation system 5 and SPAM intrinsic viscosity 989.2 mL•g－1. Chloramination of SPAM was conducted at 35 and then was added into starch solution. After reaction for 40 minutes at 40～50℃ the SPAM grafted starch flocculuating agent was obtained.The application experiment showedthat the SPAM grafted starch flocculating agent has good solubility，

A new process for the production of linseed oil epoxide through epoxidisation of linseed oil with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide in an organic solvent such as petroleum ether, with phosphoric acid as activator, was developed. Relatively fewer steps, much milder reaction conditions and shorter reaction time were the main advantages of this process. Furthermore, several properties of the resulting products of this method are good for use as plasticizer, such as the epoxide number＞7.8, the iodine number＜10 and the acid number＜0.5.

This paper presents the condensed mode transition operation when static electricity is not very stable in the reactor during starting up of the UNIPOL polyethylene unit. The commercial application indicated that through working out a good technological programme，formulating a detailed transition procedure, and keeping close watch over operation,the condensed mode was successfully established even if water was injected into the reactor to control static electricity at the beginning of start-up. As a result,the reactor start-up was smoothly implemented and steady production of the unit was achieved quickly.