Abstract: Functional proteins are widely used in national defense, medicine and other fields, which are closely related to human life, national security and people's livelihood, and are the key areas of made in China 2025. Collagen is the most abundant protein in human body, which exists in various tissues and organs, such as tendon, cartilage, skin, blood vessels and so on. The source of collagen extracted from animal tissues is limited, the raw material batch is uneven, the target protein is difficult to separate, the reprocess is difficult, and there may be safety hazards. Compared with animal collagen, the recombinant collagen obtained through green bio-manufacturing technology has attracted the attention of scientists at home and abroad due to its unique advantages such as single component, high safety and controllable process. In this review, the biosynthesis and green manufacturing techniques of recombinant collagen were discussed from the construction of expression systems in animals, plants, Escherichia coli and yeast, fermentation regulation and isolation and purification, as well as the application of collagen in bone defects, wound dressings, drug delivery, tendons and cosmetic. The results show that the functional design, yield and purity of recombinant collagen are the basis of its industrial application as biomaterials. Recombinant collagen will play an important role in biomedical field.

Key words: recombinant collagen, Escherichia coli, yeast, fermentation, purification, application

摘要： 功能蛋白质广泛应用于国防、医药等领域，与人类生活息息相关，关系国家安全与民生，是中国制造2025的重点领域。胶原蛋白属于功能蛋白的一种，是人体最丰富的蛋白质，存在于各个组织器官中，肌腱，软骨，皮肤，血管等。从动物组织提取的胶原蛋白来源受限、原料批次不均一、目标蛋白难分离、再加工困难，而且可能存在安全隐患。与动物胶原蛋白相比，通过绿色生物制造技术获得的重组胶原蛋白以其组分单一、安全性高、过程可控等独特优势而受到国内外科学家的关注。本篇综述从动物、植物以及大肠杆菌和酵母微生物表达体系的构建、发酵调控和分离纯化三方面讨论了重组胶原蛋白的合成及绿色制造工艺，以及胶原蛋白在骨缺损、创伤敷料、药物传送、肌腱以及美容方面的应用。研究结果表明：重组胶原蛋白的功能设计、产量、及纯度是其作为生物材料产业化应用的基础，重组胶原蛋白在生物医学领域将发挥其重要作用。

关键词: 重组胶原蛋白, 大肠杆菌, 酵母, 发酵, 纯化, 应用