Effect of iron on nitrogen removal efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1178

Abstract

Abstract:

The anammox process is a green and efficient novel technology for the biological treatment of nitrogen pollution in water. However, the long generation time of the anammox bacteria and its highly environment sensitivity characteristics result in the slow start-up of the anammox system and low operational stability, which further limits practical applications of the anammox process. Iron is not only a ubiquitous metal element in the environment, but also an essential nutrient element for microbial growth. In the anammox system, both the valence state and dosage of iron could affect the microbial activity and nitrogen removal performance. Here, the effects of iron on the start-up of the anammox process and the nitrogen removal performance in the operation process were reviewed. Furthermore, the reaction pathways of iron and nitrogen, the relationship between the growth rate of anammox bacteria and formation of the particles, and the composition of microbial communities, under the presence of iron are analyzed. It could help to further understand the role of iron in microbial nitrogen removal systems and the involved mechanisms. In addition, it provides scientific guidance for the enhancement of microbial nitrogen removal processes and improvement of microbial activity in the engineering application through the introduce of iron.

Key words: anaerobic ammonia oxidation, iron element, nitrogen removal

摘要：

厌氧氨氧化工艺是治理水体氮污染的一种绿色、高效新型生物技术。然而，厌氧氨氧化菌世代时间长，对环境敏感性高，致使厌氧氨氧化系统启动缓慢、运行稳定性较低，进而导致厌氧氨氧化工艺在实际应用中受限。铁不仅是环境中普遍存在的金属元素，也是微生物生长所需的必要营养元素之一。本文综述了铁元素价态及投加量对基于厌氧氨氧化反应的废水脱氮工艺启动及运行过程中含氮污染物去除效果，分析铁元素存在时，铁/氮元素的反应途径、厌氧氨氧化菌生长速率、颗粒形成以及微生物群落组成演变等方面的作用关系，旨在深入探究和阐释元素铁对于厌氧氨氧化菌脱氮性能的内在作用机制，为实现工程化利用铁强化厌氧氨氧化系统脱氮过程、提高微生物活性提供科学指导。

关键词: 厌氧氨氧化, 铁元素, 脱氮

CLC Number:

X703

LEI Xin, YAN Rong, MU Yujie, ZHANG Yuancan, FU Zhimin. Effect of iron on nitrogen removal efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2730-2738.

雷欣, 闫荣, 慕玉洁, 章院灿, 付志敏. 铁元素对厌氧氨氧化菌脱氮效能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2730-2738.

Figures/Tables 1

金属	污泥种类	反应器装置	时长	污泥浓度	氮去除情况	浓度	参考文献
nZVI	混合活性污泥	序批式反应器	310d		氨氮和亚硝酸盐的去除率在日常测量中增加了58%	0.04～5000μg·L^-1	[14]
	厌氧活性污泥	升流式好氧污泥床	150d	(2000±20)mgMLSS·L^-1	平均NH $4 +$ 去除率和NO $2 -$ 去除率分别为92.6%±2.1%和93.5%±1.0%	5.26g·L^-1	[15]
	厌氧活性污泥	升流式好氧污泥床	150d	(2000±20)mgMLSS·L^-1	平均NH $4 +$ 去除率和NO $2 -$ 去除率分别为93.8%±3.6%和96.6%±2.5%	5.26g·L^-1	[15]
	Anammox污泥	升流式厌氧污泥床	130d	12.0gVSS·L^-1	氮去除效率（NRE）保持在85%以上	1.0～200mg·L^-1	[16]
Fe(Ⅱ)	500mL硝化污泥和100mL Anammox污泥	生物滤池	179d		最高总氮去除率0.58kg·m^-3·d^-1	1～5mg·L^-1	[17]
	Anammox污泥	500mL血清瓶	71个周期 /10h	10g Anammox湿污泥	最高脱氨效能0.65kg·m^-3·d^-1	5mg·L^-1	[18]
	Anammox种子污泥	上流固定床塔式反应器	144d	3.683gVSS·L^-1	总氮去除率8.198~9.135kg·m^-3·d^-1	0.09～0.12mmol·L^-1	[19]
	以竹炭为载体的 Anammox颗粒污泥	100mL上流式反应器	205d		容积总氮去除负荷2.53kg·m^-3·d^-1	0.075mmol·L^-1	[20]
	厌氧活性污泥	上流柱式反应器	75d	2.54gMLSS·L^-1	最高氮去除负荷1400gN·m^-3·d^-1	0.09mmol·L^-1	[21]
	厌氧活性污泥	厌氧序批式反应器	210d		平均NH $4 +$ 去除率和NO $2 -$ 去除率分别为89.22%和91.7%	0.085mmol·L^-1	[22]
	Anammox	序批式生物膜反应器	216d		氮去除率95%，氮去除率提高15%(0.04mmol·L^-1)	0.08mmol·L^-1	[23]
Fe⁰+ Fe²⁺	Anammox污泥	升流式厌氧污泥床	60d	3.15gMLSS·L^-1	氮去除率最大值达到88.43%，总氮去除率最大值达到80.77%		[12]
Fe(Ⅱ) Fe(Ⅲ)	$23$ 市政污泥和 $13$ 脱氮污泥	序批式反应器	60d	4.13gTSS·L^-1	最高平均脱氮率250mgN·L^-1·d^-1	Fe(Ⅱ)<1.3mg·L^-1 Fe(Ⅲ)<0.4mg·L^-1	[24]
Fe(Ⅲ)	Anammox污泥	500mL血清瓶	71个周期 /10h	10g Anammox湿污泥	最高脱氮效能0.51kg·m^-3·d^-1	5mg·L^-1	[18]
	活性污泥	序批式反应器	2个月		总氮去除负荷0.95kg·m^-3·d^-1	6mg·L^-1	[25]
	颗粒污泥	升流式厌氧污泥床	97d	11.1gSS·L^-1；8.2gVSS·L^-1	氮去除率73.6%±12.8%；最高氮去除负荷(2.6±0.9)kgN·m^-3·d^-1	3.68mg·L^-1	[26]

金属	污泥种类	反应器装置	时长	污泥浓度	氮去除情况	浓度	参考文献
nZVI	混合活性污泥	序批式反应器	310d		氨氮和亚硝酸盐的去除率在日常测量中增加了58%	0.04～5000μg·L^-1	[14]
	厌氧活性污泥	升流式好氧污泥床	150d	(2000±20)mgMLSS·L^-1	平均NH $4 +$ 去除率和NO $2 -$ 去除率分别为92.6%±2.1%和93.5%±1.0%	5.26g·L^-1	[15]
	厌氧活性污泥	升流式好氧污泥床	150d	(2000±20)mgMLSS·L^-1	平均NH $4 +$ 去除率和NO $2 -$ 去除率分别为93.8%±3.6%和96.6%±2.5%	5.26g·L^-1	[15]
	Anammox污泥	升流式厌氧污泥床	130d	12.0gVSS·L^-1	氮去除效率（NRE）保持在85%以上	1.0～200mg·L^-1	[16]
Fe(Ⅱ)	500mL硝化污泥和100mL Anammox污泥	生物滤池	179d		最高总氮去除率0.58kg·m^-3·d^-1	1～5mg·L^-1	[17]
	Anammox污泥	500mL血清瓶	71个周期 /10h	10g Anammox湿污泥	最高脱氨效能0.65kg·m^-3·d^-1	5mg·L^-1	[18]
	Anammox种子污泥	上流固定床塔式反应器	144d	3.683gVSS·L^-1	总氮去除率8.198~9.135kg·m^-3·d^-1	0.09～0.12mmol·L^-1	[19]
	以竹炭为载体的 Anammox颗粒污泥	100mL上流式反应器	205d		容积总氮去除负荷2.53kg·m^-3·d^-1	0.075mmol·L^-1	[20]
	厌氧活性污泥	上流柱式反应器	75d	2.54gMLSS·L^-1	最高氮去除负荷1400gN·m^-3·d^-1	0.09mmol·L^-1	[21]
	厌氧活性污泥	厌氧序批式反应器	210d		平均NH $4 +$ 去除率和NO $2 -$ 去除率分别为89.22%和91.7%	0.085mmol·L^-1	[22]
	Anammox	序批式生物膜反应器	216d		氮去除率95%，氮去除率提高15%(0.04mmol·L^-1)	0.08mmol·L^-1	[23]
Fe⁰+ Fe²⁺	Anammox污泥	升流式厌氧污泥床	60d	3.15gMLSS·L^-1	氮去除率最大值达到88.43%，总氮去除率最大值达到80.77%		[12]
Fe(Ⅱ) Fe(Ⅲ)	$23$ 市政污泥和 $13$ 脱氮污泥	序批式反应器	60d	4.13gTSS·L^-1	最高平均脱氮率250mgN·L^-1·d^-1	Fe(Ⅱ)<1.3mg·L^-1 Fe(Ⅲ)<0.4mg·L^-1	[24]
Fe(Ⅲ)	Anammox污泥	500mL血清瓶	71个周期 /10h	10g Anammox湿污泥	最高脱氮效能0.51kg·m^-3·d^-1	5mg·L^-1	[18]
	活性污泥	序批式反应器	2个月		总氮去除负荷0.95kg·m^-3·d^-1	6mg·L^-1	[25]
	颗粒污泥	升流式厌氧污泥床	97d	11.1gSS·L^-1；8.2gVSS·L^-1	氮去除率73.6%±12.8%；最高氮去除负荷(2.6±0.9)kgN·m^-3·d^-1	3.68mg·L^-1	[26]

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