Abstract: Due to the advantages of large surface area, high loading capacity, good dispersion stability and stimulative responsibility, nanogels have potential applications in various fields like biomedicine, chemical and new material industries. In this review, typical methods for the preparation of nanogels, including the traditional ways like the physical and chemical cross-linking, and the novel approaches such as microfluidics, electrospray and electro-Fenton process, were summarized. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of those methods were introduced. In addition, the important properties of nanogels, such as biocompatibility and degradability, swelling property, and stability were summarized with a focus on their stimuli responsibility. Meanwhile, recent applications of nanogels in drug delivery and release, biosensor, molecular imaging, enzyme immobilization, plasticizer,and water treatment, were also summarized. Considering the problems in the preparation and applications, it was proposed that the studies regarding the new gel matrix, the surface modification and the development of green controllable preparation methods are the potential directions for nanogels in future.

Key words: nanogels, preparation, stimuli response, drug delivery

摘要： 纳凝胶（nanogels）具有比表面积大、负载量高、分散稳定、刺激响应性等优点，在生物医药、化工和新材料等领域有广阔的应用前景。本文对制备纳凝胶的物理和化学交联等常规方法及微流控、电喷射、电芬顿法等新方法进行了综述，阐述了各种方法的制备原理与优缺点；对纳凝胶的生物相容性和降解性、溶胀性、稳定性等基本性能作了介绍，特别对其刺激响应性作了重点调研；并对其在药物控释、生物传感器、酶固定化、分子成像、增塑剂、水处理等方面的应用研究进展进行了归纳。最后结合纳凝胶在制备方法及应用中存在的实际问题，指出新型凝胶基质、纳凝胶表面改性及绿色可控制备方法等是今后纳凝胶研究的重要方向。

关键词: 纳凝胶, 制备方法, 刺激响应, 药物控释