Supercritical hydrothermal upgrading of oil sand: a review

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-2472

Abstract

Abstract: As a new green technology, supercritical hydrothermal upgrading of oil sand not only increases the conversion of oil sand with less coking but also plays an important role in desulfurization, denitrification and heavy-metal removal. However, the mechanism and phase change of the process cannot be accurately described so far, especially the role of supercritical water in the system is still controversial. In this paper, the mechanism of supercritical hydrothermal upgrading of oil sand is summarized, the role of supercritical water is analyzed, and the research situation of hydrogen donor and catalyst is briefly described. At the same time, the way to improve the quality of this technology is put forward from the aspect of phase behavior. The analysis shows that supercritical water exists more as a catalyst than hydrogen donor in the system. The application of solid catalysts in this system have many defects while the application of hydrogen donor will become the development direction of supercritical hydrothermal upgrading of oil sand, and the application of hydrogen donor and free radical initiator will promote the process of industrialization due to they can greatly relax reaction conditions and facility requests.

Key words: supercritical water, oil sand, free radical reaction, polyethylene, carbon oxide, activated carbon

摘要： 油砂沥青超临界水热改质技术作为一种新型的绿色工艺，具有原料转化率高，体系结焦量少，脱硫、脱硝、脱重金属效果明显等优点；但迄今为止学术界对该过程的机理及相态变化情况仍无法进行准确的描述，尤其是对超临界水在体系中的作用仍存在争议。本文总结了油砂沥青超临界水热改质技术的机理，重点分析了超临界水在体系中的作用，简述了供氢剂和催化剂的研究情况，同时从相行为方面提出了提高体系改质效果的方法。分析表明超临界水在体系中的供氢效果并不显著，而更多的是以催化剂的作用存在。固体催化剂在该体系中的应用存在诸多缺陷，供氢剂的开发将成为油砂沥青超临界水热改质技术的发展方向，且供氢剂和自由基引发剂的应用将极大缓和工艺条件、降低设备要求，有利于促进该工艺的工业化。

关键词: 超临界水, 油砂沥青, 自由基反应, 聚乙烯, 一氧化碳, 活性炭

CLC Number:

TQ037

LIU Zhiyuan, LI Yonghong, XU Lei, ZHU Jiang. Supercritical hydrothermal upgrading of oil sand: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(12): 4606-4615.

刘志远, 李永红, 徐磊, 朱江. 油砂沥青超临界水热改质研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(12): 4606-4615.

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