Abstract: As is known to all,with development of industrial and agricultural,heavy metals pollution as a toxic and harmful emission has seriously endangered the ecosystem and human health. Therefore,the research on the treatment of polluted wastewater becomes very urgent and meaningful. As a novel,highly efficient and renewable material,functional modified magnetic nanomaterials have been widely studied by researchers at home and abroad because of their remarkable effects on the purification of heavy metal wastewater in recent years. In this work,the traditional methods for the treatment of heavy metal polluted water are summarized and evaluated firstly. Secondly,the preparation methods of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are briefly discussed. Finally,the methods of amino-functionalization,carboxyl-functionalization and thiol-functionalization on the surface of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and their application in removing of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution are summarized. And the preparation,functionalization and application of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are prospected. We put forward that the preparation of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with controllable morphology,good dispersion and high stability and multifunctional magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanomaterials via improving and developing the surface functionalization process will be the main focuses of the research in the future.

Key words: waste water, ferriferrous oxide(Fe₃O₄), nanoparticles, preparation, functional, nanomaterials

摘要： 重金属污染废水作为工农业生产和发展过程中的毒性有害排放物已经严重危害了生态系统及人类的健康，人们对重金属污染废水的处理研究变得十分迫切和富有意义。功能化改性磁性纳米材料作为一种新颖、高效、可再生回收的材料，在重金属污染废水净化处理方面效果非常显著，近年来越来越受到国内外研究学者的广泛关注。本文首先对目前重金属污染水体治理的传统方法进行总结评价；对磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的制备方法进行介绍，分别简述了这些方法的优缺点；最后重点阐述了磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子表面的氨基、羧基、巯基等功能化改性方法以及在水体中重金属离子的去除方面的应用研究动态，并对未来磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的制备、功能化及应用前景方面进行了展望。提出改进合成工艺，制备形貌可控、分散性好和稳定性较高的磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子，并通过改进和开拓表面功能化工艺，制备多功能化的磁性Fe₃O₄纳米材料是今后的主要研究热点。

关键词: 废水, 四氧化三铁, 纳米粒子, 制备, 功能化, 纳米材料