Abstract: Polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds (PQACs) are the typical representatives of antibacterial polymers. Two most widely accepted antibacterial mechanisms of PQACs，i.e. “penetrating through mechanism” and “ion exchange mechanism” are reviewed. PQACs are suitable for repeated and long-term application，as the structure of PQACs is stable during use. The influence of molecular weight，alkyl chain length，counter anion and spacer length on electrostatic and hydrophobic attraction between PQACs and bacteria cells are summarized，so as to establish the structure-activity relationship. The perspectives of PQACs are discussed，and further studies should be focused on the structure-activity relationship and application technology.

Key words: polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds, antibacterial mechanism, structure-activity relationship

摘要： 季铵盐类聚合物（PQACs）是高分子抗菌剂的典型代表。本文介绍了PQACs的两种较为普遍认可的抗菌机理，即“穿透型机理”和“离子交换机理”，指出PQACs有良好的结构稳定性，能重复持久地抗菌，归纳了分子量、取代烷基链长度、抗衡阴离子、间隔长度这四种结构因素对PQACs与细菌间的静电和疏水作用的影响，建立其构效关系。最后展望了PQACs的发展前景，认为应加强其构效关系和应用技术的研究。

关键词: 季铵盐类聚合物, 抗菌机理, 构效关系