Abstract: Nanoscale magnesium oxide(MgO) antibacterial materials have attached much attention due to their low toxicity,high thermal stability,environmentally-friendly,permanent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. MgO can not only overcome some disadvantages of silver antimicrobial materials such as high cost,color change,poor stability,biological toxicity,but also increase the efficiency and UV dependent deficiency of catalytic antibacterial materials. In this paper,the research progress on the antibacterial mechanism,structure regulation and preparation of the composites of MgO antimicrobial materials was introduced. The generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) on MgO and the mechanical damage by adsorption were analyzed. The effects of particle size,morphologies and different doping metal ions on the antibacterial properties of MgO were discussed. Moreover,the development prospects of MgO-based composites containing various components were also introduced. The key to prepare magnesium oxides with high antibacterial activity is controlling their morphology,particle size,surface defects,enhancing the generation of ROS and improving their adsorption capacity.

Key words: magnesium oxide, nanoparticles, antibacterial mechanism, oxidation, composites

摘要： 纳米氧化镁具有毒性低、耐热性高、环境友好、持久和广谱抗菌等优点，可以克服银系抗菌材料的成本高、易变色、稳定性差、生物毒性的问题，也可以弥补光催化类型抗菌材料抗菌效率低和对紫外光依赖的不足，成为当前抗菌材料领域研究热点。本文从抗菌机理、结构调控和复合材料制备3个方面综述纳米氧化镁抗菌材料的研究进展，介绍活性氧氧化损伤和吸附作用机械损伤两种代表性抗菌机理的研究现状，阐述粒径大小、形貌差异、离子掺杂对氧化镁抑菌活性的影响规律，比较氧化镁-氧化物复合抗菌材料、氧化镁-碳/卤素复合抗菌材料、氧化镁-有机物复合抗菌材料的发展。分析表明制备高抗菌活性氧化镁抗菌材料的关键是控制其颗粒形貌、粒径及其表面缺陷，并增强其产生活性氧能力和吸附作用。

关键词: 氧化镁, 纳米粒子, 抗菌机理, 氧化, 复合材料