Microwave electromagnetic characteristics and microwave absorbing properties of foam silicon carbide carrier

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0630

Abstract

Abstract:

Foam silicon carbide with different pore density and porosity was prepared by organic foam impregnation method, and its phase composition and microstructure were analyzed by XRD, SEM, BET and other testing methods. In order to explore the influence of temperature and pore structure on the electromagnetic characteristics and wave absorption performance of foam silicon carbide, the dielectric parameters of samples with different pore structure from room temperature to 400℃ were measured by using the resonant cavity perturbation technique. The temperature rising behavior of foam silicon carbide with different pore structure was measured by using self-developed microwave tube furnace. The reflection loss of materials was tested using a vector network analyzer. The results showed that the real part of the complex dielectric constant of the prepared samples increased with the increase of temperature, and the highest real part value reached 6.72 at 400℃. As the pore density and porosity increased, the loss tangents of the samples increased with a maximum value of 0.037 at 400℃. The heating rate of the samples increased with the increase of power, pore density and porosity, reaching a maximum of 65.4℃/min at 1400W. The reflection loss of foam silicon carbide decreased regularly with the increase of pore density and porosity, and the minimum value was -12.8dB. The results showed that temperature and pore structure had a great influence on the electromagnetic properties and wave absorption properties of the samples. The higher the pore density and porosity, the stronger the wave absorption properties of foam silicon carbide. This work systematically studied the effects of pore structure and temperature on the microwave absorbing properties of foam silicon carbide, providing theoretical guidance for the research of microwave electromagnetic properties in the field of porous materials.

Key words: foam silicon carbide, pore structure, electromagnetic characteristics, absorbing performance, absorption mechanism

摘要：

采用有机泡沫浸渍法制备了不同孔隙密度和孔隙率的泡沫碳化硅，并采用XRD、SEM、BET等测试手段分析了其物相组成和微观形貌结构等。为探究温度和孔结构对泡沫碳化硅电磁特性和吸波性能的影响，利用谐振腔微扰技术测试不同孔结构的样品从室温至400℃的介电参数；利用自主研制微波管式炉测试不同孔结构泡沫碳化硅的升温行为；通过矢量网络分析仪测试材料的反射损耗。结果显示，所制备的样品的复介电常数的实部都随着温度的升高而增大，在400℃时，实部最高值可达6.72；随着孔隙密度和孔隙率的增加，样品的损耗角正切增大，400℃时其最大值为0.037。样品的升温速率随着功率及孔隙密度和孔隙率的增大而增大，在1400W下最高可达65.4℃/min；泡沫碳化硅的反射损耗随着孔隙密度和孔隙率的增大而呈规律性减小，最小值为-12.8dB。表明温度和孔结构对样品的电磁特性和吸波性能都有很大影响，孔隙密度和孔隙率越大，泡沫碳化硅的吸波性能越强。本文系统研究了孔结构和温度对泡沫碳化硅吸波性能的影响，为多孔材料领域的微波电磁性能研究提供理论性指导。

关键词: 泡沫碳化硅, 孔结构, 电磁特性, 吸波性能, 吸波机理

CLC Number:

TF19

HUANG Yuedong, GAO Botao, YANG Li, YAO Siyu, GUO Shenghui, HOU Ming. Microwave electromagnetic characteristics and microwave absorbing properties of foam silicon carbide carrier[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(4): 2238-2249.

黄粤东, 高博涛, 杨黎, 姚思宇, 郭胜惠, 侯明. 泡沫碳化硅载体的微波电磁特性及吸波性能[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(4): 2238-2249.

Figures/Tables 17

References 38

1	杨振明, 田冲, 矫义来, 等. 泡沫碳化硅的制备及应用[J]. 化学反应工程与工艺, 2013, 29(3): 269-275.
	YANG Zhenming, TIAN Chong, JIAO Yilai, et al. Preparation and applications of foam SiC[J]. Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, 2013, 29(3): 269-275.
2	WU Songze, ZHOU Yang, GAO Wen, et al. Preparation and properties of shape-stable phase change material with enhanced thermal conductivity based on SiC porous ceramic carrier made of iron tailings[J]. Applied Energy, 2024, 355: 122256.
3	SEDANOVA E P, KASHKAROV E B, LIDER A M, et al. Porous SiC ceramic obtained by spark plasma sintering of preceramic paper: Microstructure, mechanical properties and gas permeability[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(8): 12950-12959.
4	WANG Zhen, LIU Jingxiang, HAO Haoquan, et al. Microwave absorption enhancement by SiC nanowire aerogels through heat treatment-based oxidation modulation[J]. Carbon, 2024, 217: 118622.
5	WU Meihong, GAO Mingxia, QU Shanqing, et al. LiBH₄ hydrogen storage system with low dehydrogenation temperature and favorable reversibility promoted by metallocene additives[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 72: 108679.
6	王新瑞, 龚业磊, 姚军龙, 等. 碳化硅/氮化硅/聚丙烯复合材料的制备及介电性能研究[J]. 化肥设计, 2018, 56(4): 12-15.
	WANG Xinrui, GONG Yelei, YAO Junlong, et al. Preparation and dielectric performance studies of SiC/Si₃N₄/PP composite materials[J]. Chemical Fertilizer Design, 2018, 56(4): 12-15.
7	HANNA S B, AWAAD M, AJIBA N A. Optimization of a novel process for preparation of silicon carbide foams[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 218: 77-86.
8	杨振明, 姜春海, 田冲, 等. 泡沫碳化硅陶瓷表面纳米多孔碳化硅涂层的制备[J]. 功能材料, 2012, 43(21): 2893-2896.
	YANG Zhenming, JIANG Chunhai, TIAN Chong, et al. Preparation of nanoporous SiC coating on SiC foam[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2012, 43(21): 2893-2896.
9	谌伟, 闫洪. 莫来石/碳化硅复相泡沫陶瓷的制备及抗压强度研究[J]. 稀有金属, 2015, 39(4): 331-336.
	CHEN Wei, YAN Hong. Preparation and compressive strengths of mullite/SiC composite ceramic foams[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2015, 39(4): 331-336.
10	曹小明, 金鹏, 徐奕辰, 等. 碳化硅泡沫陶瓷/铝双连续相复合材料结构特征及增强机制[J]. 复合材料学报, 2022, 39(4): 1771-1777.
	CAO Xiaoming, JIN Peng, XU Yichen, et al. Structural feature and reinforcement mechanism of silicon carbide foam ceramics aluminum matrix co-continuous phase composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2022, 39(4): 1771-1777.
11	许思奇. 碳化硅泡沫多孔材料内流动及换热特性实验和数值模拟研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2022.
	XU Siqi. Experimental and numerical simulation study on internal flow and heat transfer characteristics of SiC foam porous material[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2022.
12	张洋, 高鑫, 严鹏, 等. 泡沫碳化硅填料孔内流体微观流动特性研究[J]. 现代化工, 2021, 41(9): 192-196.
	ZHANG Yang, GAO Xin, YAN Peng, et al. Microscopic experimental characterization of liquid flow in hole of SiC foam packings[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2021, 41(9): 192-196.
13	王辰晨. 泡沫碳化硅填料内的流场模拟及结构优化[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2014.
	WANG Chenchen. CFD simulation and structure optimization of foam SiC structure packing[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2014.
14	MONCADA QUINTERO Carmen W, ERCOLINO Giuliana, SPECCHIA Stefania. Combined silicon carbide and zirconia open cell foams for the process intensification of catalytic methane combustion in lean conditions: Impact on heat and mass transfer[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 429: 132448.
15	VOGT U F, GYÖRFY L, HERZOG A, et al. Macroporous silicon carbide foams for porous burner applications and catalyst supports[J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2007, 68(5/6): 1234-1238.
16	Xiaoxia OU, TOMATIS Marco, LAN Yongyong, et al. A novel microwave-assisted methanol-to-hydrocarbons process with a structured ZSM-5/SiC foam catalyst: Proof-of-concept and environmental impacts[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2022, 255: 117669.
17	LI Wanchong, LI Chusen, LIN Lihai, et al. Foam structure to improve microwave absorption properties of silicon carbide/carbon material[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2019, 35(11): 2658-2664.
18	KUMARI Saroj, KUMAR Rajeev, AGRAWAL Pinki R, et al. Fabrication of lightweight and porous silicon carbide foams as excellent microwave susceptor for heat generation[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 253: 123211.
19	LI Wanchong, LI Chusen, LIN Lihai, et al. All-dielectric radar absorbing array metamaterial based on silicon carbide/carbon foam material[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 781: 883-891.
20	ZHOU Nan, LIU Shiyu, ZHANG Yaning, et al. Silicon carbide foam supported ZSM-5 composite catalyst for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 267: 257-264.
21	TAN Ruiyang, ZHOU Jintang, YAO Zhengjun, et al. A low-cost lightweight microwave absorber: Silicon carbide synthesized from tissue[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(2): 2077-2085.
22	CAMACHO HERNANDEZ Jesus Nain, LINK Guido, SOLDATOV Sergey, et al. Experimental and numerical analysis of the complex permittivity of open-cell ceramic foams[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(17): 26829-26840.
23	WEI Bo, WANG Mengqing, YAO Zhengjun, et al. Bimetallic nanoarrays embedded in three-dimensional carbon foam as lightweight and efficient microwave absorbers[J]. Carbon, 2022, 191: 486-501.
24	ZHANG Huihui, LIU Huan, WU Haibo, et al. Microwave absorbing property of gelcasting SiC-Si₃N₄ ceramics with hierarchical pore structures[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42(4): 1249-1257.
25	LI Xiangming, ZHANG Litong, YIN X, et al. Mechanical and dielectric properties of porous Si₃N₄-SiC(BN) ceramic[J]. Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 2010, 490(1/2): L40-L43.
26	YE Xinli, ZHANG Junxiong, CHEN Zhaofeng, et al. Microwave absorption properties of Ni/C@SiC composites prepared by precursor impregnation and pyrolysis processes[J]. Defence Technology, 2023, 21: 94-102.
27	ZHONG Zhaoxin, ZHANG Biao, YE Jian, et al. Tailorable microwave absorption properties of macro-porous core@shell structured SiC@Ti₃SiC₂ via molten salt shielded synthesis (MS3) method in air[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 927: 167046.
28	LAN Xiaolin, LI Yibin, WANG Zhijiang. High-temperature electromagnetic wave absorption, mechanical and thermal insulation properties of in situ grown SiC on porous SiC skeleton[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 397(29): 125250.
29	SRIRAM S, SIERGIEJ R R, CLARKE R C, et al. SiC for microwave power transistors[J]. Physica Status Solidi (a), 1997, 162(1): 441-457.
30	CERNEAUX Sophie, XIONG Xiangyuan, SIMON George P, et al. Sol-gel synthesis of SiC-TiO₂ nanoparticles for microwave processing[J]. Nanotechnology, 2007, 18(5): 055708.
31	OGHBAEI Morteza, MIRZAEE Omid. Microwave versus conventional sintering: A review of fundamentals, advantages and applications[J]. ChemInform, 2010, 41(1/2): 175-189.
32	RAJKUMAR K, ARAVINDAN S. Microwave sintering of copper-graphite composites[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209(15/16): 5601-5605.
33	RAMESH Peelamedu D, BRANDON David, Levi SCHÄCHTER. Use of partially oxidized SiC particle bed for microwave sintering of low loss ceramics[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1999, 266(1/2): 211-220.
34	LASRI Jacob, RAMESH Peelamedu D, Levi SCHÄCHTER. Energy conversion during microwave sintering of a multiphase ceramic surrounded by a susceptor[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2000, 83(6): 1465-1468.
35	WU Tong, LIU Yun, ZENG Xiang, et al. Facile hydrothermal synthesis of Fe₃O₄/C core-shell nanorings for efficient low-frequency microwave absorption[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(11): 7370-7380.
36	MILES P A, WESTPHAL W B, VON HIPPEL A. Dielectric spectroscopy of ferromagnetic semiconductors[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 1957, 29(3): 279-307.
37	CHENG Yan, CAO Jieming, LI Yong, et al. The outside-in approach to construct Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals/mesoporous carbon hollow spheres core-shell hybrids toward microwave absorption[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018, 6(1): 1427-1435.
38	LIANG Caiyun, WANG Zhenfeng, WU Lina, et al. Light and strong hierarchical porous SiC foam for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal insulation at elevated temperatures[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(35): 29950-29957.

样品	孔隙密度/PPI	孔隙率/%
S1	15	80±0.5
S2	30	80±0.5
S3	45	80±0.5
S4	60	80±0.5
S5	30	85±0.5
S6	30	90±0.5

样品	孔隙密度/PPI	孔隙率/%
S1	15	80±0.5
S2	30	80±0.5
S3	45	80±0.5
S4	60	80±0.5
S5	30	85±0.5
S6	30	90±0.5

样品	最可几孔径/nm	BET比表面积/m²·g^-1
S1	16.995	2.943
S2	16.999	2.910
S3	19.099	3.381
S4	21.509	4.100

样品	最可几孔径/nm	BET比表面积/m²·g^-1
S1	16.995	2.943
S2	16.999	2.910
S3	19.099	3.381
S4	21.509	4.100

样品	最大介电实部	最小反射损耗/dB	参考文献
泡沫SiC/C	5.10	-20.00	[17]
泡沫SiC/C(AMM)	6.80	-35.70	[19]
泡沫NA/3DCF-1	13.50	-39.72	[23]
泡沫SiC-Si₃N₄	6.80	-23.50	[24]
泡沫Ni/C@SiC	9.60	-25.87	[26]
泡沫SiC@Ti₃SiC₂-10	12.10	-68.59	[27]
泡沫SiC@Si/SiO₂	22.5	-51.10	[28]
泡沫SiC	6.72	-12.8	本工作