Abstract:

Hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy density, environmental protection, cleanness, and renewable energy. It has become an important direction for future energy development and is regarded as the only way to achieve carbon emission reduction. However, the core problem of the development of hydrogen energy is that the cost of using hydrogen is too high, which has no economic advantage compared with electric vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles. From the perspective of the hydrogen production-transport-hydrogenation industrial chain, it is found that the cost of hydrogen production from electrolysis of water is much higher than that of fossil energy production. At the same time, the cost of hydrogen is mainly raised in the hydrogen transportation and hydrogenation links. This is mainly due to hydrogen storage is not easy. Under the existing long tube trailer transportation conditions, the amount of hydrogen transported each time is too small and the efficiency is not high. At the same time, because the number of fuel cell vehicles is too small, the daily filling volume is insufficient, and the key equipment of the superimposed hydrogen refueling station localization, fixed capital investment is too high, resulting in too high depreciation costs, increasing the cost of hydrogen. In response to this problem, specific suggestions for reducing costs were given, including increasing the pressure of hydrogen transportation to increase the amount of hydrogen carried per time; speeding up scientific and technological research and nationalizing key equipment; breaking through policy restrictions to achieve hydrogen production in the station; optimizing the hydrogen refueling station process, reduce daily operating costs, etc.

Key words: hydrogen, hydrogen production, electrolysis of water, transportation, hydrogen refueling station, cost analysis

摘要：

氢能具有能量密度高、环保清洁可再生的优势，已经成为未来能源发展的重要方向，被视为实现碳减排的必由之路。但目前氢能发展的核心问题是用氢成本过高，与电动车和传统燃油车相比没有经济优势。本文从制氢-运氢-加氢的产业链角度分析，发现电解水制氢成本远远高于化石能源制氢，且氢气的成本主要在运氢和加氢环节被抬升。文中指出：究其原因，主要由于氢气储存不易，在现有的长管拖车运输条件下，每次运输氢气量少，效率不高；同时由于燃料电池汽车数量少，每日加注量不足，叠合加氢站关键设备不能国产化，固定资产投资高导致折旧成本高，增加了氢气成本。针对这一问题，文中给出了具体降低成本建议，包括增加运氢压力以增加单次氢气运载量；加快科技攻关，关键设备国有化；突破政策限制，实现站内制氢；优化加氢站工艺，减少日常运营成本等。

关键词: 氢, 制氢, 电解水, 运输, 加氢站, 成本分析