Research progress of battery thermal management system based on phase change heat storage technology

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2278

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermal management system is essential for power batteries to ensure their optimal operation temperature range of 20—50℃. Phase change materials (PCM) can absorb or release a lot of heat while keep the temperature unchanged by phase change, and have been widely used in battery thermal management. This paper reviews the research progress of battery thermal management systems based on phase change heat storage technology, mainly introducing the passive thermal management system, active thermal management system, and thermal management system coupled with active heat dissipation and phase change. As a result, composite PCMs have good shape stability, high thermal conductivity that can effectively reduce the temperature of the battery pack and improve the temperature uniformity. The capability of electro-thermal conversion of conductive composite PCM allows it to be used to preheat the battery at a low temperature so that the PCM can have both the heating and cooling functions. However, in the passive thermal management system, the heat absorbed by PCM cannot be released in time, and the heat accumulation will lead to system failure. The thermal management system coupled with active heat dissipation and PCM has better temperature control performance, stability and security. Phase change emulsion has the advantages of large specific heat capacity and phase change, and can replace water as the cooling medium of battery thermal management system to obtain better temperature uniformity and lower power consumption. However, the problems such as poor stability and high-degree undercooling of phase change emulsion still need to be overcome. In conclusion, the battery needs effective temperature control at both high and low temperatures, and the design of battery thermal management working in the full temperature-range deserves further research.

Key words: phase change composites, power battery, thermal management system, microchannels cooling structure, phase change emulsions

摘要：

动力电池的最佳工作温度范围为20~50℃，因此热管理系统是其运行过程中不可分割的一部分。相变储热材料在发生相变时可以吸收或释放大量的热量并且温度基本保持不变，在电池热管理中得到广泛应用。本文综述了国内外基于相变储热技术的电池热管理系统的研究进展，主要介绍了基于相变材料的被动式热管理系统、主动式热管理系统以及主动式和被动相结合的耦合式热管理系统。综合来看，复合相变材料形状稳定性好、热导率高，可以有效地降低电池组的温度，提高电池组的温度均匀性。导电复合相变材料的电热转换特性还可用于低温下快速加热电池，实现加热-冷却一体化。然而在相变材料被动式热管理系统中，相变材料吸收的热量无法及时释放出去，热量的堆积会造成系统失效。将主动散热技术与相变材料耦合得到的耦合式热管理系统具有更好的控温性能、稳定性和安全性。此外，相变乳液以及相变微胶囊浆液具有比热容大、可相变等优点，替代水作为电池热管理系统的冷却介质可以获得更好的温度均匀性和更低的功耗。但相变乳液本身的稳定性差、过冷度大等问题亟需解决。总之，电池在高温和低温下都需要进行有效地温控，相变材料如何解决电池全温度段的热管理还值得进一步研究。

关键词: 复合相变材料, 动力电池, 热管理系统, 微通道冷却, 相变乳液

CLC Number:

TK02

LUO Mingyun, LING Ziye, FANG Xiaoming, ZHANG Zhengguo. Research progress of battery thermal management system based on phase change heat storage technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1594-1607.

罗明昀, 凌子夜, 方晓明, 张正国. 基于相变储热技术的电池热管理系统研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1594-1607.

Figures/Tables 6

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