Progress on separation of cobalt-iron acid leaching solution and battery grade iron phosphate recovery technology

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1087

Abstract

Abstract:

Cobalt-iron alloy acid leachate, a common industrial waste, contains abundant iron and valuable cobalt. After appropriate purification, separation and refinement processes, iron can serve as a source of iron for battery-grade iron phosphate, offering substantial application potential. This paper systematically introduced the main technical methods for separating cobalt and iron ions from cobalt-iron alloy leachates with a focus on solvent extraction and precipitation separation. Solvent extraction was widely used due to its high selectivity and separation efficiency, while precipitation separation was favored for its simplicity and low economic cost. Additionally, this paper discussed advances in production high-quality battery-grade iron phosphate from iron-containing waste. This article identified current research challenges and discussed the evolving trends in mineral resource recycling, aiming to pioneer new strategies for resource circularity and to advance applications in fields such as lithium-ion batteries. These endeavors were pivotal for promoting a circular economy and fostering sustainable development.

Key words: cobalt-iron acid leaching solution, separation, battery-grade iron phosphate, waste treatment, recovery

摘要：

钴铁合金酸浸液作为工业中常见的废液，含有大量的铁元素以及高附加值的钴元素，经过适当的除杂、分离和提纯处理后，铁元素可作为电池级磷酸铁的铁源，具有较大的应用潜力。本文系统介绍了钴铁酸浸液中钴离子与铁离子分离的主要技术方法，重点讨论了溶剂萃取法和沉淀分离法，溶剂萃取法以其选择性高、分离效率好而广泛应用，而沉淀分离法则因其操作简便、经济成本低备受关注。同时，本文还讨论了利用含铁废料制备高品质电池级磷酸铁的相关技术进展。指出了目前研究面临的问题并探讨了矿产资源回收利用的发展趋势，为实现资源的循环利用和锂离子电池等相关领域的发展开拓新思路，对促进循环经济和推动可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 钴铁酸浸液, 分离, 电池级磷酸铁, 废物处理, 回收

CLC Number:

TQ13

DU Xuan, WANG Zhanhong, ZHENG Bin, XU Wei, WANG Shuo, SHI Peng, GAO Guo. Progress on separation of cobalt-iron acid leaching solution and battery grade iron phosphate recovery technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 5327-5338.

杜璇, 王战宏, 郑彬, 许卫, 王硕, 石鹏, 高国. 钴铁酸浸液分离及电池级磷酸铁回收技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 5327-5338.

Figures/Tables 9

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方法	浸出液类型	分离剂	分离目标	最佳分离率/%
萃取	Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)标准溶液	聚乙二醇-硫酸铵-铝	Fe(Ⅲ)	>95^[5]
	Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)标准溶液	H₂L	Fe(Ⅲ)	99.98^[6]
	Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)的氯化物体系	叔胺、HA3	Co(Ⅱ)	>98^[7]
	NdFeB盐酸浸出液	Aliquat336	Fe(Ⅲ) Co(Ⅱ)	Fe(Ⅲ) 97.66,Co(Ⅱ) 92.13^[8]
	Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Li(Ⅰ)的标准溶液	HDES	Fe(Ⅲ)	约99^[9]
	Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)的氯化物体系	季铵氯化物、HB	Co(Ⅱ)	>98^[10]
沉淀	Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)的硫酸浸出液	含钴化合物	Fe(Ⅱ)	95.40^[11]
	Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)的硫酸浸出液	硫酸铵、过硫酸铵	Fe(Ⅲ)	99.90^[12]
	高铁、低镍钴的氯化介质溶液	铁粉、硫化钠和硫粉	Co(Ⅱ) Ni(Ⅱ)	≥98^[13]
	Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的硫酸浸出液	碳酸钙	Fe(Ⅲ)	>80^[14]
其他理论方法：膜分离法、电化学分离法、生物吸附法等

方法	浸出液类型	分离剂	分离目标	最佳分离率/%
萃取	Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)标准溶液	聚乙二醇-硫酸铵-铝	Fe(Ⅲ)	>95^[5]
	Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)标准溶液	H₂L	Fe(Ⅲ)	99.98^[6]
	Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)的氯化物体系	叔胺、HA3	Co(Ⅱ)	>98^[7]
	NdFeB盐酸浸出液	Aliquat336	Fe(Ⅲ) Co(Ⅱ)	Fe(Ⅲ) 97.66,Co(Ⅱ) 92.13^[8]
	Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Li(Ⅰ)的标准溶液	HDES	Fe(Ⅲ)	约99^[9]
	Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)的氯化物体系	季铵氯化物、HB	Co(Ⅱ)	>98^[10]
沉淀	Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)的硫酸浸出液	含钴化合物	Fe(Ⅱ)	95.40^[11]
	Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)的硫酸浸出液	硫酸铵、过硫酸铵	Fe(Ⅲ)	99.90^[12]
	高铁、低镍钴的氯化介质溶液	铁粉、硫化钠和硫粉	Co(Ⅱ) Ni(Ⅱ)	≥98^[13]
	Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的硫酸浸出液	碳酸钙	Fe(Ⅲ)	>80^[14]
其他理论方法：膜分离法、电化学分离法、生物吸附法等