Abstract:

Biomass gasification, as a clean energy technology, has garnered significant attention for its efficient conversion of biomass into high-calorific-value syngas. However, the generation of tar severely affects the gasification efficiency and syngas quality. This paper introduces the definition, classification, and formation mechanism of biomass tar and reviews current research progress on tar reduction strategies through modifications in biomass properties, operational conditions, and the addition of catalysts. Literature review indicates that biomass characteristics, including lignin content, particle size, and moisture content, influence tar production. Optimization of gasifier types, increasing gasification temperature, and the use of gasifying agents such as steam and oxygen contribute to tar reduction and improved syngas quality. Pressurized operation has shown potential in large-scale gasification but may increase tar production in small-scale systems. Catalysts, such as dolomite, olivine, and nickel-based catalysts, have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in tar cracking, yet face challenges of deactivation and high cost. Additionally, this paper discusses innovative methods, such as microwave-assisted gasification combined with chemical looping and the integration of silicon carbide membranes with catalysts, which exhibit significant tar reduction advantages and promising application prospects. Future research should focus on the durability and cost-effective preparation of catalysts, as well as the development of novel technologies, to efficiently reduce tar and promote the sustainable development of biomass gasification.

Key words: biomass, gasification, tar, syngas, tar reduction

摘要：

生物质气化作为清洁能源技术，因其可高效转化生物质为高热值合成气而受到关注。然而，焦油的产生严重影响气化效率和合成气质量。本文介绍了生物质焦油的定义、分类及其形成机理，综述了现阶段通过调整生物质特性、操作条件和添加催化剂来减少焦油的研究进展。文献调研表明：生物质的木质素含量、粒径及含水率均影响焦油产生；气化炉型优化、气化温度提高和蒸汽、氧气等气化剂的使用都有助于减少焦油并提高合成气质量；加压操作在大规模气化中表现出潜力，但在小规模气化中可能会增加焦油产生。催化剂（如白云石、橄榄石和镍基催化剂）虽在焦油裂解中效果显著，但面临失活和成本高的挑战。此外，本文还介绍了微波辅助与化学链气化结合技术及碳化硅膜与催化剂联用的新方法，这些创新技术展现出显著的减焦优势和潜在应用前景。未来研究应专注于催化剂的长效性、低成本制备及新型技术的开发，以高效减少焦油并推动生物质气化的可持续发展。

关键词: 生物质, 气化, 焦油, 合成气, 焦油减量