Abstract:

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is a large amount of hazardous waste, and its proper treatment is the focus of pollution control in the whole process of waste incineration. It is particularly important to select appropriate heavy metal toxicity leaching evaluation methods for fly ash pollution control. In this review, the commonly used evaluation methods for toxic leaching of heavy metals in fly ash at home and abroad were systematically summarized. The differences of experimental parameters/conditions and application background of relevant evaluation methods were compared. The application and limitations of the mainstream simulation scenario methods were emphatically analyzed, and the problems existing in the current toxic leaching evaluation methods were analyzed, and some guiding suggestions were given for researchers and managers to select appropriate toxic leaching methods. It was pointed out that in order to realize the fine management of fly ash, the content of the method should be updated in time according to the changes of society, environment, and science and technology. Especially, the multidimensional nature of environmental conditions (such as the diversification of the disposal environment) should be considered in the method. At the same time, based on the actual needs (such as the long-term stability of the occurrence of pollutants, etc.), the evaluation method for the toxicity of heavy metals in fly ash should be explored according to China’s national conditions and local conditions.

Key words: municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, heavy metal, toxic leaching, evaluation method

摘要：

垃圾焚烧飞灰产生量大且属于危险废物，其妥善处理是垃圾焚烧全过程污染控制的重点，选择适宜的重金属毒性浸出评价方法对飞灰的污染控制尤为重要。针对国内外涉及飞灰重金属毒性浸出常用评价方法进行了系统总结，分类比较了相关评价方法实验参数/条件和应用背景的差异性，重点分析了主流模拟场景类方法的应用情况及其局限性，剖析了当前评价方法存在的问题，并为研究者和管理者选择合适的毒性浸出方法给予了指导性建议。指出为实现对飞灰的精细化管理，应当根据社会、环境及科技变化及时更新方法内容，尤其在方法的应用中应充分考虑环境条件的多维性（如处置环境的多元化），同时更应基于现实需求（如污染物赋存的长期稳定性）探索符合我国国情且因地制宜的飞灰重金属毒性浸出评价方法。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧飞灰, 重金属, 毒性浸出, 评价方法