Abstract:

As the global high-quality energy carrier, hydrogen can be produced via thermochemical processing of hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, coal and biomass, or water electrolysis using any source of electricity including renewables, such as wind, solar or nuclear power. The current technology of water electrolysis is not economically competitive for large-scale hydrogen production, and there is an eager need to develop new technologies for green hydrogen production. A dramatic transformation towards renewable and low carbon hydrogen production must be taken to achieve the carbon neutrality in 2060. It is predicted that the low carbon hydrogen production by steam reforming of hydrocarbons with carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) will be dominating, and gradually afterward shifted to renewable hydrogen production together with low carbon hydrogen production, and even negative carbon hydrogen production and fully realize zero-carbon hydrogen production. China has rich biomass resource, however, the technology readiness level of hydrogen from biomass wastes is still relatively low. There is an eager need to develop new technology for efficient renewable hydrogen production from biomass to increase the hydrogen yield and lower the cost significant. Sorption enhanced reaction represents a promising new technology for sustainable production of hydrogen. The hydrogen yield and purity are significantly increased by the process intensification. The process of hydrogen production can be intensified in multifunctional reactors, where reforming and/or gasification, water-gas shift (WGS) and CO₂ removal steps are integrated into one reactor over a mixture of reforming/WGS catalysts and CO₂ acceptors. Owing to it is huge potential, the process development of renewable hydrogen production from biomass wastes by combined gasification and sorption enhanced reaction should be accelerated. The process needs to be commercialized as soon as possible to catalyze the transitions to carbon neutral.

Key words: hydrogen production, biomass, carbon capture, carbon neutrality, carbon dioxide

摘要：

作为全球性的优质能源载体，氢的主要生产方式包括碳氢化合物（例如天然气、煤炭和生物质）的热化学过程以及使用电力来源与可再生能源（如风能或太阳能等）的水电解过程。目前的水电解技术在大规模制氢方面经济竞争力亟待提升。本文指出：为了在2060年实现碳中和，迫切需要开发绿氢制备新技术，大力发展可再生制氢和低碳制氢。具有碳捕集、利用和封存的碳氢化合物低碳制氢（蓝色）技术将占重要地位，随后逐步转向可再生制氢（绿色），并有望全面实现零碳制氢，进而对长期低碳化社会的发展至关重要。文章提出我国生物质资源非常丰富，但生物质废弃物制氢的技术成熟度仍然较低，迫切需要开发从生物质中高效生产可再生氢气的新技术，以显著提高氢气产量并降低成本；吸附增强反应代表了一种可用于可持续生产氢的有前景的新技术；氢气的产率和纯度可以通过过程强化得到显著提高，制氢过程的强化可以在多功能反应器中实现，其中重整和/或气化、水煤气变换和CO₂移除步骤可将重整/水煤气变换反应催化剂和CO₂捕集剂混合而集成到一个反应器中。最后指出：由于该过程潜力巨大，因此应助推耦合气化和吸附增强反应过程从生物质废弃物中生产可再生氢气的工艺过程，以加快推进碳中和进程。

关键词: 制氢, 生物质, 碳捕集, 碳中和, 二氧化碳