Abstract:

The low-, zero- or negative-carbon transformation of existing industrial processes relies on energy conservation, pollution reduction and carbon dioxide mitigation in the short term and substitution of traditional fossil resources with sustainable supplies in the long term. Wind, solar and hydropower electricity drives future energy supply. However, sustainable resources need to be explored to meet the increasing demands of materials and products. Biomass can be processed into fuels, materials, and chemicals, which is considered an important substitute of fossil resources. In the bio-energy route, technologies for scale-up production of bio-methane, bio-ethanol and bio-diesel have been well developed and pilot-plants have been established. The integration of biomass conversion with existing industrial process supports the carbon reduction of industrial processes, and it also has great potential to drive zero-carbon or even negative-carbon process in the future. By presenting biomass conversion examples such as biomass gasification for combined heating and power, co-combustion of biomass and coal, biomass-substituted fuel in cement production, this work puts forward the challenges of process integration with biomass conversion and calls for the establishment of new fundamental theories and breakthrough technologies.

Key words: biomass, process reconstruction, CO₂ mitigation, process system, optimization

摘要：

流程工业的低碳/零碳/负碳转型，需从节能、降污、减碳出发，根本上要在能源和原料供给侧摆脱传统化石能源的束缚。风电、光电、水电等为未来社会提供源源不断的可再生能源，但其不具备资源属性，而生物质兼具能源和资源属性，是未来替代化石燃料和原料的重要载体。本文指出，当前生物质转化主要集中在能源、材料、化学品等领域，以生物甲烷、乙醇、航煤等为代表的生物质能源取得了阶段性成果。将生物质转化技术与流程工业耦合，是当下流程工业低碳转型的重要手段，也是实现未来零碳/负碳目标的根本性措施。本文从生物质气化热电联用、生物质气化与燃煤耦合发电、水泥工业生物质替代燃料等案例出发，简要阐述了生物质转化与流程工业耦合面临的挑战，以及未来亟需发展的可再生能源为主的流程再造新理论和前沿颠覆性技术。

关键词: 生物质, 流程再造, 碳减排, 过程系统, 优化