Feammox: a novel autotrophic nitrogen removal technology

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0207

Abstract

Abstract:

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction, termed as Feammox, is a novel autotrophic nitrogen removal technology with cheap and available iron as the electron donor. The technology is a potential denitrification approach in fields such as natural systems and sewage treatment systems due to its significant advantages such as no need for organic carbon sources, low cost, low sludge output, and no greenhouse gas emission. The production and development of Feammox are focused, and the reaction mechanism and the microorganisms are introduced in detail. The microorganisms playing a major role in the Feammox process are a type of iron-reducing bacteria that can drive ammonia oxidation; the influencing factors such as pH, temperature, DO, organic matter, iron content are analyzed. The relationship between nitrogen loss pathways such as FeNiR, Anammox and denitrification are discussed. Finally, the challenges that Feammox still faces and future development trends are pointed out. The future research direction of Feammox shall be rapid enrichment and separation and purification of bacteria, control parameters, and interaction with other denitrification pathways.

Key words: anaerobic, bioprocess, nitrogen removal, Feammox, iron reduction, influencing factor

摘要：

厌氧氨氧化耦合Fe(Ⅲ)还原，即铁氨氧化（Feammox）技术，是近年来新发现的一种以廉价、易得的铁作为微生物电子供体的新型自养生物脱氮技术。该技术具有无需有机碳源、成本低、污泥产量低、不产生温室气体等显著优点，是自然系统和污水处理系统等领域潜在的脱氮途径。本文聚焦于Feammox的产生和发展，详细介绍了该技术的作用机制及其参与反应的主要微生物特征，认为Feammox过程中起主要作用的微生物是一类能驱动氨氧化的铁还原菌；简要分析了pH、温度、溶解氧、有机物及铁源等影响因素；探讨了与FeNiR、Anammox和反硝化等氮损失途径的关系。最后，提出了Feammox仍面临的挑战，展望了未来发展趋势，指出菌的快速富集和分离纯化、控制参数以及与其他脱氮途径之间的相互作用是Feammox未来的研究方向。

关键词: 厌氧, 生物过程, 脱氮, 铁氨氧化, 铁还原, 影响因素

CLC Number:

ZHANG Lihong, LI Jie, WANG Ya’e, XIE Huina, ZHAO Wei, LI Jing. Feammox: a novel autotrophic nitrogen removal technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(1): 391-399.

张莉红, 李杰, 王亚娥, 谢慧娜, 赵炜, 李婧. Feammox：一种新型自养生物脱氮技术[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(1): 391-399.

Figures/Tables 4

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环境	Feammox活性	氮损失以及贡献	主要微生物	文献
厌氧废水处理反应器	氨氮去除率69.49%	0.81%~2.2%	地杆菌属	［25］
厌氧消化反应器	11.3%~21.5%			［26］
太湖河口生态环境	0.07~0.15mg·kg^-1·d^-1	8.3~17.8kg·hm^-2·a^-1，3.5%~4.2%	地杆菌属，厌氧黏细菌，假单胞菌	［17］
长江口湿地	0.24~0.36mg·kg^-1·d^-1	8.3~17.8t·km^-1·a^-1，3.1%~4.9%	地杆菌属，希瓦菌属	［18］
水稻土	0.17~0.59mg·kg^-1·d^-1	7.8~61kg·hm^-2·a^-1，0.577%~6.89%	地杆菌属	［27，22］
麦稻轮作区	0.031~0.42mg·kg^-1·d^-1	36.00%	地杆菌属，厌氧黏细菌	［28］
河岸带	0.32~0.37mg·kg^-1·d^-1	23.7~43.9kg·hm^-2·a^-1	厌氧黏细菌，假单胞菌，地杆菌属	［29］
人工湿地		11.0%~25.0%	酸微菌属A6	［30］
湖泊沉积物	0.23~0.43mg·kg^-1·d^-1，0.14~0.34mg·kg^-1·d^-1	5.0%~9.2%	地杆菌属，希瓦菌属	［21，31］
热带旱地土壤	0.32mg·kg^-1·d^-1			［20］

环境	Feammox活性	氮损失以及贡献	主要微生物	文献
厌氧废水处理反应器	氨氮去除率69.49%	0.81%~2.2%	地杆菌属	［25］
厌氧消化反应器	11.3%~21.5%			［26］
太湖河口生态环境	0.07~0.15mg·kg^-1·d^-1	8.3~17.8kg·hm^-2·a^-1，3.5%~4.2%	地杆菌属，厌氧黏细菌，假单胞菌	［17］
长江口湿地	0.24~0.36mg·kg^-1·d^-1	8.3~17.8t·km^-1·a^-1，3.1%~4.9%	地杆菌属，希瓦菌属	［18］
水稻土	0.17~0.59mg·kg^-1·d^-1	7.8~61kg·hm^-2·a^-1，0.577%~6.89%	地杆菌属	［27，22］
麦稻轮作区	0.031~0.42mg·kg^-1·d^-1	36.00%	地杆菌属，厌氧黏细菌	［28］
河岸带	0.32~0.37mg·kg^-1·d^-1	23.7~43.9kg·hm^-2·a^-1	厌氧黏细菌，假单胞菌，地杆菌属	［29］
人工湿地		11.0%~25.0%	酸微菌属A6	［30］
湖泊沉积物	0.23~0.43mg·kg^-1·d^-1，0.14~0.34mg·kg^-1·d^-1	5.0%~9.2%	地杆菌属，希瓦菌属	［21，31］
热带旱地土壤	0.32mg·kg^-1·d^-1			［20］

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