Preparation methods of the silicon-based composite anode of lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1504

Abstract

Abstract:

Silicon (Si) is regarded as one of the most potential substitutes for the existing commercial graphite anode materials. However, the volume change of silicon-based materials during the charging and discharging process has seriously affected the electrochemical performance and lifespan of the battery. Therefore, how to effectively overcome the volume effect for the improvement of the electrochemical performance has become an urgent problem. In this paper, recent progress in the modification of silicon-based anode is reviewed as the following three aspects: physical method, chemical method, and the combination of various methods. Different preparation methods and processes are introduced, classified, compared, and analyzed, meanwhile, their advantages and disadvantages are also summarized. In the end, the future research and development of high-performance silicon-based anode are prospected to provide references for the optimization of silicon-based anode performance and exploration of new preparation methods.

Key words: silicon-based composite anode, electrochemistry, preparation, optimization, cost

摘要：

硅（Si）被视为取代现有商业化石墨负极极具潜力的材料之一，然而硅基材料在充放电过程中巨大的体积变化严重影响电池的电化学性能和使用寿命，因此如何有效克服体积效应以提高其电化学性能成为亟待解决的问题。本文围绕硅基复合负极制备过程，从物理方法、化学方法、多种方法结合三个方面综述了目前在硅基负极改性方面的最新进展，重点对不同的制备方法及过程进行了简介、分类、比较和分析，总结了其优缺点，指出多种方法结合制备硅基复合负极最具优势。最后对未来高性能硅基复合负极的研究和开发进行了展望，以期为硅基负极性能优化及探索新型制备方法提供借鉴。

关键词: 硅基复合负极, 电化学, 制备, 优化, 成本

CLC Number:

TM911

SONG Jun, CHU Xiaowan, ZHANG Qi, CHEN Yuhui, ZHANG Xueqing, ZHANG Guoshuai, ZHANG Ruolin. Preparation methods of the silicon-based composite anode of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(7): 3664-3678.

宋俊, 楚晓婉, 张琦, 陈宇慧, 张学清, 张国帅, 张若琳. 锂离子电池硅基复合负极制备方法[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(7): 3664-3678.

Figures/Tables 20

References 60

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项目	沉积方法比较
项目	EBE	MS	PLD
靶材要求	无	与膜成分一致	无
沉积范围	目标表面	目标表面及周边	目标表面
均匀性	好	差	差
膜层特点	低温时密度小，气孔多，附着性差	密度大，气孔少，溅射气体混入较多，附着性好	熔点高，沉积效率高，结构复杂

项目	沉积方法比较
项目	EBE	MS	PLD
靶材要求	无	与膜成分一致	无
沉积范围	目标表面	目标表面及周边	目标表面
均匀性	好	差	差
膜层特点	低温时密度小，气孔多，附着性差	密度大，气孔少，溅射气体混入较多，附着性好	熔点高，沉积效率高，结构复杂

项目	沉积方法比较
项目	CVD	ALD	ED
吸附方式	物理吸附	化学吸附	无
沉积原理	通过化学反应将气相物质转化成固相物质并沉积于基板上获得高质量及高纯度薄膜	反应气体与基板之间的气-固相反应生成膜	金属或金属化合物在电场作用下通过电解液发生氧化还原反应完成沉积
用材范围	广	窄	广
沉积特点	沉积物随气相组成的变化而变化，从而获得梯度或混合沉积物，附着力强，厚度均匀，污染小	每次反应只沉积一层原子，逐层沉积，沉积速度慢但厚度均匀一致，成本高	可沉积成表面涂层，也可是块状，成本低

项目	沉积方法比较
项目	CVD	ALD	ED
吸附方式	物理吸附	化学吸附	无
沉积原理	通过化学反应将气相物质转化成固相物质并沉积于基板上获得高质量及高纯度薄膜	反应气体与基板之间的气-固相反应生成膜	金属或金属化合物在电场作用下通过电解液发生氧化还原反应完成沉积
用材范围	广	窄	广
沉积特点	沉积物随气相组成的变化而变化，从而获得梯度或混合沉积物，附着力强，厚度均匀，污染小	每次反应只沉积一层原子，逐层沉积，沉积速度慢但厚度均匀一致，成本高	可沉积成表面涂层，也可是块状，成本低

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[2]	ZHANG Ruijie, LIU Zhilin, WANG Junwen, ZHANG Wei, HAN Deqiu, LI Ting, ZOU Xiong. On-line dynamic simulation and optimization of water-cooled cascade refrigeration system [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 124-132.
[3]	WANG Fu'an. Consumption and emission reduction of the reactor of 300kt/a propylene oxide process [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 213-218.
[4]	SUN Yuyu, CAI Xinlei, TANG Jihai, HUANG Jingjing, HUANG Yiping, LIU Jie. Optimization and energy-saving of a reactive distillation process for the synthesis of methyl methacrylate [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 56-63.
[5]	WANG Zhengkun, LI Sifang. Green synthesis of gemini surfactant decyne diol [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 400-410.
[6]	ZHANG Jie, BAI Zhongbo, FENG Baoxin, PENG Xiaolin, REN Weiwei, ZHANG Jingli, LIU Eryong. Effect of PEG and its compound additives on post-treatment of electrolytic copper foils [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 374-381.
[7]	HU Xi, WANG Mingshan, LI Enzhi, HUANG Siming, CHEN Junchen, GUO Bingshu, YU Bo, MA Zhiyuan, LI Xing. Research progress on preparation and sodium storage properties of tungsten disulfide composites [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 344-355.
[8]	ZHANG Mingyan, LIU Yan, ZHANG Xueting, LIU Yake, LI Congju, ZHANG Xiuling. Research progress of non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts in zinc-air batteries [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 276-286.
[9]	LI Chunli, HAN Xiaoguang, LIU Jiapeng, WANG Yatao, WANG Chenxi, WANG Honghai, PENG Sheng. Research progress of liquid distributors in packed columns [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4479-4495.
[10]	GAO Yanjing. Analysis of international research trend of single-atom catalysis technology [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4667-4676.
[11]	WANG Yaogang, HAN Zishan, GAO Jiachen, WANG Xinyu, LI Siqi, YANG Quanhong, WENG Zhe. Strategies for regulating product selectivity of copper-based catalysts in electrochemical CO₂ reduction [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4043-4057.
[12]	LIU Yi, FANG Qiang, ZHONG Dazhong, ZHAO Qiang, LI Jinping. Cu facets regulation of Ag/Cu coupled catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4136-4142.
[13]	LI Runlei, WANG Ziyan, WANG Zhimiao, LI Fang, XUE Wei, ZHAO Xinqiang, WANG Yanji. Efficient catalytic performance of CuO-CeO₂/TiO₂ for CO oxidation at low-temperature [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4264-4274.
[14]	ZHANG Yajuan, XU Hui, HU Bei, SHI Xingwei. Preparation of NiCoP/rGO/NF electrocatalyst by eletroless plating for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4275-4282.
[15]	WANG Shuaiqing, YANG Siwen, LI Na, SUN Zhanying, AN Haoran. Research progress on element doped biomass carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4296-4306.