Abstract:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is one of research hotspots in the field of porous materials in recent years. MOFs has high surface area and uniform hole structure. However, traditional micropores MOFs are limited in biomedical application. The synthesis methods of hierarchical MOFs such as extended ligand method, template method and polymer method were introduced in this work. Hierarchical MOFs had microporous, mesoporous and macroporous pore structure, and could be stable in both water and chemical solvent. So hierarchical MOFs showed excellent performance in catalysis, gas adsorption and energy storage. The research of hierarchical MOFs in biochemical engineering such as immobilized enzymes and loaded pharmaceutical macromolecules was mainly introduced. Hierarchical MOFs was a kind of safe material with suitable pore size and could be decomposed under certain situation. At last, the problems and challenges in the preparation and application of hierarchical MOFs materials were discussed, and the application prospect of hierarchical MOFs materials as a new kind of functional porous materials was prospected.

Key words: metal-organic frameworks, porous material, hierarchical pores, synthesis, enzyme

摘要：

金属有机骨架（metal-organic frameworks，MOFs）是多孔材料领域的研究热点之一。MOFs具有高比表面积和孔道均一等特点，但微孔MOFs在大分子应用领域受到限制。本文介绍了延长配体法、模板剂法和聚合物法等多种制备多级孔MOFs的方法，合成后的多级孔MOFs兼具微孔、介孔和大孔，能够参与大分子反应，同时具有水热稳定性和化学稳定性，在催化、气体吸附分离、储能材料等诸多领域表现出优异性能。本文重点介绍了多级孔MOFs在生物医药领域的研究进展，结果表明多级孔MOFs是一种孔道可调节、可在特定条件下分解的生物相容性材料，用于固定化酶和负载医药分子均表现出良好性能。最后讨论了多级孔MOFs材料制备和应用目前存在的问题与挑战，展望了多级孔MOFs材料作为一类新型功能化多孔材料的应用前景。

关键词: 金属有机骨架, 多孔材料, 多级孔, 合成, 酶