Abstract: Through the analysis of world energy consumption and nuclear power statistic,the typical countries with nuclear power were recognized by rapid developing,fast shut down ability,large capacity and high ratio of nuclear power on total energy consumption. In additional,energy and electricity distribution,CO₂ emission and reduction by nuclear power in these countries were deeply investigated. This study shows that power plant is the main source for CO₂ emission in these countries,while CO₂ emission per kWh gradually decreased year by year,which is closely related to the adjustment of energy construction. At present,the country with the largest emissions per capita is USA,in addition,the country with the fast increase on this value is South Korea in recent years. Based on the CO₂ emission factor of coal power plant,CO₂ emission reductions of nuclear power accounted for 8.3% of total global CO₂ emissions in 2011,while CO₂ emissions reduction by nuclear power accounted for 1.1% of the total annual emissions in China.

Key words: nuclear power, carbon dioxide, climate change, carbon emission reduction

摘要： 通过分析全球能源消费数据和核电数据,得到了核电发展最快、核电反应堆关闭最快、核电装机量最大和核电占比最大等特征的典型核电国家。对这些国家的能源结构、电力组成、CO₂排放和核电减排作用进行了深入研究。通过研究得到:电力是各国CO₂排放的主要源头,但单位发电量的CO₂放电量均呈逐年下降趋势,这和各国能源结构调整存在密切关系;美国是人均CO₂排放第一大国,但韩国人均CO₂排放量增速最快;基于煤电CO₂排放因子,2011年全球核电CO₂年减排量约占全球年总排放量8.3%,而中国核电CO₂年减排量占国内总排放量的1.1%。

关键词: 核电, 二氧化碳, 气候变化, 减排