Abstract: In this work，the relationship between the properties and structure of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was described. The latest application of LDHs in electrochemical biosensors was summarized. The current and novel application of the LDHs，such as the enzyme-based adsorption electrochemical sensors，the electrochemical sensors of enzyme immobilized in LDHs nanosheets，the electrochemical sensors of other active ingredients immobilized in LDHs nanosheets and the self-build LDHs sensor was introduced. Moreover，the mechanism and preparation method for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors by using LDHs was analyzed. Finally，the application trend of LDHs in electrochemical sensors was proposed. The high-sensitivity and high-selectivity detection are the main development direction for new electrochemical biosensor. The multiple design policies of LDHs are developed to satisfy the demand，including multi-layer，multi-component，greater miniaturization and well-aligned arrays.

Key words: layered double hydroxides (LDHs), electrochemical biosensors, nanomaterials, layer-by-layer assembly

摘要： 阐述了水滑石纳米材料结构和性能之间的关系及近年来水滑石纳米材料在电化学生物传感器方面应用的最新进展。重点介绍了水滑石纳米材料在吸附生物酶制备电化学传感器、水滑石纳米片固定生物酶制备电化学传感器、水滑石纳米片固定其它活性组分制备电化学传感器、水滑石自构筑电化学传感器等方面的应用。着重对水滑石纳米材料制备电化学传感器的机理和制备方法进行了系统概述。提出了水滑石纳米材料构筑电化学生物传感器应用研究的发展趋势：对水滑石纳米材料进行多层、多组分、微型化和阵列化等多样化设计，指出高选择性和高灵敏度检测是未来新型电化学生物传感器应用研究的主要发展方向。

关键词: 水滑石, 电化学传感器, 纳米材料, 层层自组装