Abstract: Challenges facing global refining industry include growing oil demand，inferior crude oil supply，strict product specifications and unconventional oil utilization. Residuum hydroprocessing technologies are crucial to realize clean and efficient conversion of residuum，and have become a major upgrading process in the refineries to meet the challenges. The development status and future trend of fixed bed，ebullated bed and slurry bed processes are discussed. The residuum fixed bed hydrotreating-fluid catalytic cracking combined technology would be the key developing process in the medium term and long term. The ebullated bed technology should resolve the problems of high investment and operating difficulties. The slurry bed technology has its unique advantage，and also great potential for future development.

Key words: residuum, hydrogenation technology, fixed bed, ebullated bed, slurry bed

摘要： 渣油加氢技术是实现渣油清洁高效转化的关键技术，正逐渐成为炼厂主要的渣油加工技术手段。本文详细介绍了渣油加氢技术在应对石油需求量不断增加、原油重劣质化趋势加剧、环保法规日益严格、加工利用非常规石油资源等诸多挑战方面的重要性和紧迫性；重点分析了渣油固定床加氢处理技术、沸腾床加氢裂化技术和悬浮床加氢裂化技术的发展现状及未来趋势。渣油固定床加氢处理与催化裂化组合技术将是中长期内发展的重点技术，沸腾床加氢裂化技术需解决装置投资大、操作复杂等问题，悬浮床加氢裂化技术具有独特的优势，推广应用前景看好。

关键词: 渣油, 加氢技术, 固定床, 沸腾床, 悬浮床