Abstract: In the long run, the crude oil would become heavier and poorer in quality. Hydrocracking technologies are regarded as one of the key techniques in efficient and clean conversion of residuum, and have become a major upgrading process in the refineries. In this paper, the application status of residuum ebullated bed and slurry bed hydrocracking technologies were introduced. The technical characteristics and technical-economic indicator were also compared. And then, the new progress and future trend were reviewed. The ebullated bed technology is the most mature residuum high-efficient conversion technology currently, and will continue to play an important role in residuum utilization. In the future, the research is focused on combined technology and unconverted tail-oil processing technology. Although the slurry bed technology is far from mature compared with ebullated bed technology, it has its advantage of high conversion rate and great potential for future development. The technology development should resolve equipment coking problem and develop high-active and high-dispersible catalyst.

Key words: residuum, hydrocracking, deep conversion, ebullated bed, slurry bed

摘要： 长远来看，原油重劣质化的发展趋势不可避免，能够实现渣油清洁高效转化的深度加氢裂化技术是应对这一挑战的关键，正逐渐成为炼厂最主要的渣油加工技术手段。本文介绍了渣油沸腾床加氢裂化和渣油悬浮床加氢裂化技术的应用现状，结合技术特点和技术经济指标进行了对比分析，进一步综述了两种渣油加氢裂化技术的研发新进展。文中指出渣油沸腾床加氢裂化技术是目前最为成熟的渣油高效转化技术，未来仍将在渣油高效加工利用方面发挥重要作用，其中组合集成工艺以及未转化塔底油的处理工艺是其研发和应用的重点。渣油悬浮床加氢裂化技术具有高转化率的优势，但在工业化应用方面尚不如沸腾床成熟和普遍，仍需继续开发高活性、高分散的催化剂以及着重解决装置结焦问题，未来发展前景看好。

关键词: 渣油, 加氢裂化, 深度转化, 沸腾床, 悬浮床