Abstract:

Tank farm Domino accidents pose significant hazards, with fire-induced thermal radiation being one of the primary triggers. The failure phenomenon of storage tanks after fire is a highly time-dependent process, so accurately predicting the failure time of storage tanks is of great significance for the quantitative analysis of fire Domino effects. Given the current limitations in research on spherical storage tanks, this study employed Ansys Workbench to establish a thermal-fluid-solid coupling model for simulating the thermal response behavior of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) spherical tanks under fire conditions. A failure time prediction model was developed, considering the effects of heat flux and filling degree. The results indicated that the failure behavior of spherical tanks under fire was the result of the combined effects of a rapid increase in internal pressure and the degradation of material strength under high temperatures. In Domino accident scenarios involving fire, the pillars failed first, followed by the tank shell, with the maximum stress point located at the connection between the shell and the pillars. At a constant filling degree, higher heat flux led to shorter failure times, while at a constant heat flux, higher filling degree also resulted in shorter failure times.

Key words: Domino effect, failure time, thermal response, spherical tank, thermal-fluid-solid coupling

摘要：

罐区多米诺事故危害性极大，火灾热辐射是引发多米诺事故的主要因素之一，而储罐受火后的失效现象是一种十分依赖时间的过程，因此准确预测储罐的失效时间对火灾多米诺效应的定量分析具有重要意义。鉴于目前对球形储罐的研究存在一定局限性，本文采用Ansys Workbench建立热流固耦合模型，对火灾环境下液化石油气（LPG）球罐的热响应行为进行数值模拟，建立热辐射强度与充装率两种因素影响下的失效时间预测模型。结果表明：球罐受火后的失效行为是内部压力急剧增大和高温情况下材料强度性能退化两方面共同作用的结果；火灾多米诺事故场景下球罐的支柱最先倒塌失效，球壳次之，且球壳应力最大点位于与支柱连接处；充装率一定时，球罐接收的热辐射强度越大，失效时间越短；热辐射强度一定时，充装率越大，失效时间越短。

关键词: 多米诺效应, 失效时间, 热响应, 球形储罐, 热流固耦合