Thermal desorption treatment process of waste clay and its hazardous characteristics of residues

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1132

Abstract

Abstract:

The waste clay produced during the lubricating oil refining process has absorbed a large amount of petroleum substances. The thermal desorption method for its harmless disposal is fast and has a high oil recovery rate, but it also has high energy consumption. Furthermore, the hazardous characteristics of its thermal desorption residue are insufficiently understood. This study focused on the waste clay from a petrochemical company in Xinjiang, China, and optimized the operating parameters of the industrial thermal desorption device based on its operating capacity. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the operating process parameters, using the residue oil content and natural gas consumption response factors. In addition, the inorganic elements, semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds, and organic compounds in the residue were analyzed. The hazardous characteristics of thermal desorption residue waste clay were systematically studied. The research indicated that the optimal process for the industrial thermal desorption device to treat waste clay was as follows: residence time was (70±5)min, heating temperature was (595±5)℃, and feed rate was 2.5—3t/h. The thermal desorption residue was corrosive. The corrosivity, flammability, reactivity, and toxic substances did not exceed the limit value of the hazardous waste identification series standards (GB 5085.1~6—2007), which confirmed that the thermal desorption residue did not have hazardous waste attributes. SEM showed that the adsorbed oil phase on the surface of waste clay disappeared after thermal desorption, and the residue particles aggregated. This study can provide a basic reference for the industrial operation of waste clay thermal desorption treatment and the prevention and control of residual pollutants.

Key words: waste clay, desorption, residue, hazardous characteristics, petroleum

摘要：

润滑油精制过程中产生的废白土吸附了大量石油类物质，采用热脱附法对其无害化处置速度快、油回收率高，但能耗也偏高，且其热脱附残渣危险特性认识不足。为此，以新疆某石化公司废白土为研究对象，基于工业热脱附装置运行能力，以残渣含油率和天然气消耗量为响应因子，采用响应曲面法优化运行工艺参数，并对残渣中无机元素、半挥发性和挥发性有机物、有机化合物测试分析，系统研究了废白土热脱附残渣危险特性。研究表明，该工业热脱附装置处理废白土最佳工艺为：停留时间（70±5）min、加热温度（595±5）℃、进料速度2.5~3t/h；热脱附残渣腐蚀性、易燃性、反应性、毒性物质均未超过危险废物鉴别系列标准（GB 5085.1~6—2007）的限值，不具危险废物属性；SEM表征结果显示废白土热脱附后表面吸附油相消失，残渣颗粒发生了聚集。研究所得结果可为废白土热脱附处置工业运行及其残渣污染物防控提供基础参考。

关键词: 废白土, 脱附, 残渣, 危险特性, 石油

CLC Number:

X705

WANG Maoren, ZHAO Anyang, YU Jingwen, SHI Hanfeng, HUANG Qipiao, WANG Shihe. Thermal desorption treatment process of waste clay and its hazardous characteristics of residues[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 5442-5449.

王茂仁, 赵安洋, 于婧雯, 时汉峰, 黄启飘, 汪世鹤. 废白土热脱附处理工艺参数及其残渣危险特性[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 5442-5449.

Figures/Tables 10

References 30

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TPH分布	含量/g·kg^-1	TPH分布	含量/g·kg^-1
C₁₂	0.32	C₂₈	0.94
C₁₃	41.85	C₂₉	2.92
C₁₇	36.32	C₃₀	0.31
C₁₈	11.94	C₃₁	5.06
C₁₉	16.65	C₃₂	0.56
C₂₀	14.77	C₃₃	0.66
C₂₁	0.52	C₃₄	0.96
C₂₂	0.33	C₃₅	0.55
C₂₃	5.88	C₃₆	9.96
C₂₄	1.38	C₃₇	0.39
C₂₅	1.57	C₃₈	1.94
C₂₆	2.28	C₃₉	0.16
C₂₇	4.52	C₄₀	108.58

TPH分布	含量/g·kg^-1	TPH分布	含量/g·kg^-1
C₁₂	0.32	C₂₈	0.94
C₁₃	41.85	C₂₉	2.92
C₁₇	36.32	C₃₀	0.31
C₁₈	11.94	C₃₁	5.06
C₁₉	16.65	C₃₂	0.56
C₂₀	14.77	C₃₃	0.66
C₂₁	0.52	C₃₄	0.96
C₂₂	0.33	C₃₅	0.55
C₂₃	5.88	C₃₆	9.96
C₂₄	1.38	C₃₇	0.39
C₂₅	1.57	C₃₈	1.94
C₂₆	2.28	C₃₉	0.16
C₂₇	4.52	C₄₀	108.58

序号	加热温度（A）/℃	停留时间（B）/min	进料速率（C）/t·h^-1	石油烃含量/mg·kg^-1	天然气消耗量/m³·t^-1
1	450	90	3	2658	31.85
2	525	90	2	1665	33.35
3	450	75	4	4723	32.05
4	525	90	4	3541	35.22
5	525	75	3	822	24.28
6	525	75	3	928	24.73
7	600	75	2	282	20.09
8	600	75	3	715	18.12
9	535	60	2	1428	21.55
10	600	60	3	1631	17.81
11	600	90	3	388	24.83
12	450	60	3	2512	22.26
13	525	75	3	1017	24.25
14	450	75	2	2202	20.31
15	600	75	4	3231	21.56
16	525	75	3	892	25.08
17	525	60	4	5085	29.87

序号	加热温度（A）/℃	停留时间（B）/min	进料速率（C）/t·h^-1	石油烃含量/mg·kg^-1	天然气消耗量/m³·t^-1
1	450	90	3	2658	31.85
2	525	90	2	1665	33.35
3	450	75	4	4723	32.05
4	525	90	4	3541	35.22
5	525	75	3	822	24.28
6	525	75	3	928	24.73
7	600	75	2	282	20.09
8	600	75	3	715	18.12
9	535	60	2	1428	21.55
10	600	60	3	1631	17.81
11	600	90	3	388	24.83
12	450	60	3	2512	22.26
13	525	75	3	1017	24.25
14	450	75	2	2202	20.31
15	600	75	4	3231	21.56
16	525	75	3	892	25.08
17	525	60	4	5085	29.87

来源	石油烃含量					天然气消耗量
来源	平方和	自由度	F	P	显著性	平方和	自由度	F	P	显著性
模型	33940000	9	223.54	<0.0001	显著	470.03	9	207.23	<0.0001	显著
A	5485000	1	325.12	<0.0001	显著	68.74	1	272.76	<0.0001	显著
B	722400	1	42.82	0.0003	显著	142.47	1	565.31	<0.0001	显著
C	15130000	1	896.97	<0.0001	显著	68.44	1	271.59	<0.0001	显著
AB	482300	1	28.59	0.0011	显著	1.65	1	6.55	0.0376	显著
AC	45796	1	2.71	0.1434	不显著	26.37	1	104.63	<0.0001	显著
BC	793000	1	47.00	0.0002	显著	10.40	1	41.27	0.0004	显著
A²	407900	1	24.18	0.0017	显著	50.42	1	200.06	<0.0001	显著
B²	1364000	1	80.84	<0.0001	显著	39.52	1	156.83	<0.0001	显著
C²	8012000	1	474.90	<0.0001	显著	23.86	1	94.67	<0.0001	显著
残差	118100	7	—	—	—	1.76	7	—	—	—
失拟项	98349.39	4	3.73	0.1538	不显著	1.29	4	2.6	0.2899	不显著
R²	0.9965					0.9963