Progress of desorption and regeneration of organic amine-enriched liquids

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0082

Abstract

Abstract:

The chemical absorption method using organic amine as absorbent has the advantages of large absorption capacity, fast absorption rate, high CO₂ capture efficiency, etc., but its higher regeneration thermal energy consumption and other problems seriously affect its development. The traditional thermal desorption regeneration faces problems such as low energy utilization, ammonia escape, oxidative degradation of absorber, etc. It is necessary to improve and optimize the current research on organic amine-rich liquid desorption and regeneration process in order to reduce energy consumption and loss. This paper introduced the catalytic desorption and regeneration and membrane desorption and regeneration processes based on thermal desorption, and summarized the basic principles and current research status of the emerging microwave desorption and regeneration, mineralization regeneration and electrochemistry-mediated amine desorption and regeneration processes, and compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the various processes and the types of organic amines to which they were applicable. The selection of suitable organic amine rich liquid desorption process was conducive to reducing the energy consumption of desorption. The catalytic desorption was suitable for most organic amine absorbents, the membrane desorption was suitable for monoamine absorbents, the microwave desorption and regeneration was suitable for organic amines with more polar groups and large dielectric constants, while the mineralization regeneration was suitable for tertiary amine absorbents, and electrochemically-mediated amine desorption and regeneration was suitable for polyamine absorbents.

Key words: CO₂ capture, desorption, regeneration, membrane desorption and regeneration, microwave desorption and regeneration, mineralized desorption and regeneration, electrochemically-mediated amine

摘要：

以有机胺为吸收剂的化学吸收法具有吸收容量大、吸收速率快、CO₂捕集效率高等优点，但传统热解吸再生面临着能量利用率低、氨逃逸、吸收剂氧化降解等难题严重影响其发展，有必要对当前有机胺富液解吸再生工艺的研究进行改进与优化，以降低能耗与损耗。本文介绍了热解吸耦合催化解吸再生工艺和热解吸耦合膜解吸再生工艺，并对新兴的微波解吸再生、矿化再生、电化学介导胺解吸再生工艺方法的基本原理和研究现状进行总结，对比分析了各工艺的优缺点和适用的有机胺类型。选择合适的有机胺富液解吸工艺有利于降低解吸能耗：催化解吸适用于大多有机胺吸收剂；膜解吸适用于单胺类吸收剂；微波解吸再生适用于极性基团较多、介电常数大的有机胺；矿化再生适用于叔胺类吸收剂；电化学介导胺解吸再生适用于多胺类吸收剂。

关键词: 二氧化碳捕集, 解吸, 再生, 膜解吸再生, 微波解吸再生, 矿化解吸再生, 电化学介导胺

CLC Number:

LI Letian, LU Shijian, LIU Hanxiao, WU Liming, LIU Ling, KANG Guojun. Progress of desorption and regeneration of organic amine-enriched liquids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(1): 490-499.

李乐天, 陆诗建, 刘含笑, 吴黎明, 刘玲, 康国俊. 有机胺富液解吸再生研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(1): 490-499.

Figures/Tables 9

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种类	黏度（20℃） /mPa·s	介电常数（20℃，2.45GHz）	沸点 /℃
水	1.00	80.1	100
乙醇	1.17	25.7	78
乙二醇	20.5	38.7	198
正丙醇	2.26	22.2（25℃）	97
正丁醇	2.95	17.1（25℃）	118
PEG200	62.2	6.4	＞250
N,N-二甲基乙酰胺	1.37	39.1	166

种类	黏度（20℃） /mPa·s	介电常数（20℃，2.45GHz）	沸点 /℃
水	1.00	80.1	100
乙醇	1.17	25.7	78
乙二醇	20.5	38.7	198
正丙醇	2.26	22.2（25℃）	97
正丁醇	2.95	17.1（25℃）	118
PEG200	62.2	6.4	＞250
N,N-二甲基乙酰胺	1.37	39.1	166

解吸再生工艺	优点	缺点	适用有机胺类型
传统热解吸再生	工艺成熟、设备简单廉价	能耗较大、设备占地较大、易造成氧化和胺逃逸	比热容小、挥发性小
热解吸+催化解吸再生	催化剂用量少、可在传统热解吸的设备基础上使用	催化剂的筛选较难、成本高	均可
热解吸+膜解吸再生	设备投资小、设备紧凑，结构简单、操作简单、维修保养容易、能耗低	解吸速率慢、膜成本高、稳定性低	单胺
微波解吸再生	能量利用效率较高、有机胺挥发较少、加热速率快	微波设备较小、工业化推广受阻	极性基团多、介电常数大
矿化再生	原料来源广泛、产物经济价值较高、矿化反应为放热反应，反应能耗低	有机胺再生效率低、吸收-矿化一体化工业设备较少	叔胺
电化学介导胺解吸再生	可以模块化设计、解吸效率快、有机胺挥发较少、热降解较少	解吸时需消耗阳极材料、解吸能耗受压力影响较大、解吸CO₂气体压力低	多胺

解吸再生工艺	优点	缺点	适用有机胺类型
传统热解吸再生	工艺成熟、设备简单廉价	能耗较大、设备占地较大、易造成氧化和胺逃逸	比热容小、挥发性小
热解吸+催化解吸再生	催化剂用量少、可在传统热解吸的设备基础上使用	催化剂的筛选较难、成本高	均可
热解吸+膜解吸再生	设备投资小、设备紧凑，结构简单、操作简单、维修保养容易、能耗低	解吸速率慢、膜成本高、稳定性低	单胺
微波解吸再生	能量利用效率较高、有机胺挥发较少、加热速率快	微波设备较小、工业化推广受阻	极性基团多、介电常数大
矿化再生	原料来源广泛、产物经济价值较高、矿化反应为放热反应，反应能耗低	有机胺再生效率低、吸收-矿化一体化工业设备较少	叔胺
电化学介导胺解吸再生	可以模块化设计、解吸效率快、有机胺挥发较少、热降解较少	解吸时需消耗阳极材料、解吸能耗受压力影响较大、解吸CO₂气体压力低	多胺

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