Abstract:

Oxide nanoparticles are widely used due to their small particle size and large specific surface area. Since the particle surface has abundant hydroxyl groups, the nanoparticles are easy to agglomerate and the unmodified particles are difficult to meet application demands. In order to obtain the desired performance of the adsorption, wettability, dispersion and functionality of the particles, it is necessary to graft specific organic groups on the particle surface. This article focused on the reaction characteristics between modifiers and the surface of oxide nanoparticles, summarized research progress about the surface organic modification of oxide nanoparticles with commonly used modifiers, including silane coupling agents, alcohols and phenols, carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids, and silicone oils and isocyanates. The surface hydroxyl characteristics of oxide nanoparticles were illustrated. The reaction mechanism between modifiers and the surface of oxide nanoparticles as well as the modification stability were analyzed. The modification processes for different modifiers and nanoparticles were summarized. Although a lot of researches about the organic modification of particle surfaces in organic solvents had been reported, it was not effective for the guidance on the scale production and improving the product quality. Moreover, the evaluations were varied and had low comparability. To achieve a controllable, efficient and green organic modification on the nanoparticle surface, a reasonable use of modifiers and modification process design for different kinds of oxide particles were demanded.

Key words: nanoparticles, surface, grafting, modification, hydroxyl group

摘要：

氧化物纳米颗粒粒径小、比表面积大、性能优异、应用广泛，但纳米颗粒表面富含羟基，易于团聚，直接应用效果差，需要在其表面接枝不同的有机基团，调控颗粒的吸附性、润湿性、分散性和功能性。本文聚焦于常用修饰剂与颗粒表面的反应特性，综述了硅烷偶联剂、醇和酚、羧酸和膦酸、硅油和异氰酸酯对氧化物纳米颗粒表面有机修饰的研究进展。阐述了氧化物纳米颗粒的表面羟基性质；分析了不同修饰剂与氧化物颗粒表面的反应机制、修饰稳定性等特性；总结了不同修饰剂和纳米颗粒的修饰工艺。尽管在有机溶剂中的颗粒表面有机修饰文献报道较多，但对规模化生产产品质量提高和指导作用有限，且修饰效果评价多样，可比性不够，要实现纳米颗粒表面的可控、高效、绿色有机修饰，需要针对不同氧化物颗粒合理选择修饰剂和设计修饰工艺。

关键词: 纳米粒子, 表面, 接枝, 修饰, 羟基