Abstract:

The increasingly severe issues about energy and the environment demand the development of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly cooling technologies. Radiative cooling materials and technologies with the characteristic of cooling through thermal radiation without the need for energy consumption have become a highly focused research field in recent years. Radiative cooling paints exhibit significant scientific research value and enormous engineering application prospects due to their advantages of simple preparation, low cost and convenient application. This review summarized the cooling principles and current research status of radiative cooling paint, including inorganic paint, organic paint and organic-inorganic hybrid paint. It discussed the applications of radiative cooling paint in building energy efficiency, human thermal management and aerospace. Finally, from the perspective of combining the performance of radiative cooling paint with practical applications, this article proposed that enhancing the weather resistance of radiative cooling paint and developing new applications for paint as well as dynamic cooling paint, were the future development trends. Research on radiation cooling paint was of significant importance for addressing energy issues and establishing an environmentally friendly society.

Key words: radiative cooling, polymers, paint, solar energy, nanoparticles

摘要：

能源环境问题日益严重，亟需发展节能环保的降温技术。辐射冷却材料及技术具有无需消耗能源即可辐射降温的特点，成为近年来备受关注的研究领域。辐射冷却涂料具有制备简单、成本低廉、应用方便等优点，展示出重要的科学研究价值和巨大的工程应用前景。本文归纳了辐射冷却涂料的制冷原理与研究现状，包括无机涂料、有机涂料和有机-无机复合涂料，阐述了辐射冷却涂料在建筑节能、人体热管理和航空航天的应用。最后，从辐射制冷涂料的性能与实际应用相结合的角度，提出了提高辐射冷却涂料的耐候性、开发涂料新应用与动态制冷涂料是未来发展趋势。辐射冷却涂料的研究对于解决能源问题、建立环境友好型社会有重要意义。

关键词: 辐射冷却, 聚合物, 涂料, 太阳能, 纳米粒子