Abstract:

The rapid expansion of the global industrial production has led to a sharp increase in the emission of the greenhouse gas CO₂, triggering widespread concern about global climate change. While developing clean energy sources and industrial process reengineering to reduce carbon emissions, there is an urgent need to develop highly efficient and economical carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress on the extracellular enzyme-catalyzed carbon sequestration and its enhancement technologies bases on the purpose of CO₂ resource utilization. Firstly, it introduces the key biocatalytic enzymes involved in the CO₂ conversion process and their optimization. It elaborates on the specific strategies for CO₂ resource utilization, encompassing the catalytic transformation of CO₂ into specific product molecules such as formic acid, methanol, methane, starch, L-lactide and pyruvic acid. The article further focused on the enhancement of the CO₂ enzyme catalysis reaction processes through in-situ regeneration of cofactors, enzyme immobilization, optimization of reaction system design, optimization of reaction condition such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and in situ product separation. These measures aim to achieve efficient sequestration and resource utilization of CO₂.The intention is to provide valuable insights and considerations for the design of enzyme catalysis processes and routes, encompassing the preparation of immobilized enzyme catalysts, reactor selection and design, regulation of enzyme catalysis processes, and targetes synthesis of high-value products through a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach. Finally, the problems and challenges existing in the enzyme-catalyzed carbon sequestration processes are summarized, and the future research directions are prospected.

Key words: enzyme-catalyzed carbon sequestration, CO₂ resource utilization, biocatalysis, enzyme, enhancement technologies

摘要：

全球范围迅猛发展的工业生产导致温室气体CO₂的排放，引发人们对全球气候变化的普遍关切。在发展清洁能源、工业流程再造等减少碳排放的同时，开发高效、经济的CO₂捕集、利用与储存（CCUS）技术显得尤为迫切。本文基于CO₂资源化利用的目的，对生物体外酶催化固碳过程及其强化技术的研究进展进行综述。首先，介绍了CO₂转化过程中涉及的关键催化酶及其优化，阐述了CO₂资源化利用的具体策略，涵盖了将CO₂催化转化为甲酸、甲醇、甲烷、淀粉以及L-乳酸、丙酮酸等特定产物分子。进而，重点阐述了辅因子的原位再生、酶的固定化、反应系统的优化设计、反应条件优化（pH、温度、底物浓度）以及产物原位分离等技术对CO₂生物酶催化反应过程的强化，实现CO₂的高效固定与资源化利用。旨在通过多方面交叉论述，为生物酶催化过程及路线设计包括固定化酶催化剂的制备、反应器选择设计与开发、酶催化过程调控、高值化产品定向合成等提供有益的启发和思考。最后，总结了酶催化固碳过程存在的问题和挑战，并对其未来值得研究的方向进行了展望。

关键词: 酶催化固碳, CO₂资源化, 生物催化, 酶, 强化技术