Abstract:

Silver has advantages of broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low toxicity without drug resistance, making it a preferred antimicrobial agent for water treatment systems in long-term manned space missions. This article first introduced the antibacterial mechanism of silver, classified silver-carrying antibacterial materials by antimicrobial agents and carrier materials, focused on the sustained release performance of silver-carrying materials and summarized the current approaches to enhancing the sustained release performance from three perspectives: optimization of silver ion loading, pretreatment of carrier materials and optimization of loading preparation processes. According to the applications of silver-loaded materials in water treatment projects, the sustained release performances of silver-loaded materials were not well with low release concentration of silver ion. For long-term manned space missions, the sterilization and antibacterial activity in water treatment systems were crucial. To meet these requirements, silver-loaded antibacterial materials should achieve long-term stable release of silver ion, and the carrier should remain stable with no secondary pollutants dissolved and also could withstand the mechanical conditions of space launch at the same time. If it achieved, it would serve as backup for electrolytic release of silver using in space station, and also be considered for uses in multi-scenario antibacterial sterilization in China’s long-term manned space missions.

Key words: silver-loaded antibacterial material, manned space flight mission, water treatment system, long-term antibacterial

摘要：

银具有广谱抗菌、低毒无耐药性的特点，是一种可应用于长期载人航天任务水处理系统的优选抗菌剂。本文首先介绍了银的抗菌机理，分别从抗菌剂和载体材料两个角度对载银抗菌材料进行了分类，重点关注载银抗菌材料的缓释性能，并从银离子负载优化、载体材料预处理和负载制备工艺优化三个角度总结了现阶段增强载银抗菌材料缓释性能的途径。结合地面水处理工程中载银抗菌材料的应用实际，现有载银抗菌材料的缓释效果有限，且银离子释放浓度低。基于长期载人航天任务中水处理系统杀菌抑菌的应用工况，要求载银抗菌材料能够实现长效稳定缓慢释放，基材性能稳定且无次生污染物溶出，并可耐受航天发射上行力学要求。如能实现，不仅是对现有空间站洁净水电解加银技术的补充，更对我国长期载人航天任务的多场景抑菌杀菌具有重要应用意义。

关键词: 载银抗菌材料, 载人航天任务, 水处理系统, 长期抑菌