Review on key parameters and storage capacity potential assessment for in-situ carbon mineralization site

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0355

Abstract

Abstract:

The significant greenhouse gases emission, especially CO₂ is the main cause of global warming. According to IEA report, carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) is proposed as an effective mitigation strategy which accounts for about 15% of cumulative carbon emission reduction. The in-situ mineralization sequestration technology is based on the rapid CO₂ mineralization mechanism, utilizing the formations of mafic rocks and ultramafic rocks (such as basalt and peridotite) as carbon storage sites. The mineralization reaction between CO₂ and calcium- and magnesium-rich minerals is used to transform them into stable carbonates, achieving permanent and efficient CO₂ sequestration. Pilot projects in Iceland and the United States have demonstrated the feasibility of this technology, but no demonstration project has been carried out in China yet. This review presents the mechanism of in-situ carbon mineralization, calculation methods for CO₂ storage capacity, and current technical challenges. In addition, the conducted case studies, including their technical details are discussed, while the key parameters required for implementing this technology (include source-sink distance, mineral types, injectivity, and confinement, etc) are provided. Based on the recent research, the future prospects are made, aiming to enhance China’s understanding and attention to the in-situ carbon mineralization technology, at the same time, serving as a guideline for future implementation in China.

Key words: in-situ carbon mineralization, CO₂ geological storage, basalt, site selection criterion, storage capacity

摘要：

温室气体特别是二氧化碳的大量排放，是导致全球变暖的主要原因之一。根据国际能源署的报道，碳捕集利用和封存（CCUS）技术是缓解全球气候变化的重要措施之一，约占累计碳减排量的15%。原位矿化封存技术基于快速CO₂矿化机制，以镁铁质岩石和超镁铁质岩石（玄武岩、橄榄岩等）地层为碳封存位点，利用CO₂与富含Ca、Mg元素矿物的矿化反应，转变为稳定的碳酸盐，从而达到永久且高效封存CO₂的目的。冰岛和美国的中试项目已经证明了该技术的可行性，但中国尚未进行相关示范项目。本文介绍了原位矿化封存技术的机理、CO₂封存潜力的评估手段及其面临的风险与挑战，讨论了已开展的案例项目及其技术细节，梳理了实施该技术所必需的选址关键参数（包括源-汇距离、矿物类型、注入性、封闭性等），并基于目前研究对其前景进行展望，以期提高我国对原位矿化技术的认识和重视，为推动该领域进一步发展提供理论指导。

关键词: CO₂原位矿化, CO₂地质封存, 玄武岩, 选址参数, 封存潜力

CLC Number:

TQ53

TIONG Michelle, YE Hang, BAO Qi, LIU Qi, JING Tieya, YUAN Haowei, ZHAO Wentao, WANG Xiaolong, XIAN Chenggang. Review on key parameters and storage capacity potential assessment for in-situ carbon mineralization site[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(3): 1492-1505.

张敏, 叶航, 包琦, 刘琦, 荆铁亚, 袁浩伟, 赵文韬, 王晓龙, 鲜成钢. CO₂原位矿化选址关键参数及其封存潜力评估研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(3): 1492-1505.

Figures/Tables 12

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矿物种类	化学成分	每封存1t CO₂ 所需质量/t	潜在CO₂吸收率（质量分数）/%
硅灰石	CaSiO₃	9.68^①	38
镁橄榄石	Mg₂SiO₄	5.86^②	63
蛇纹石	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	7.69^②	48
钙长石	CaAlSi₂O₈	23.1^①	16
玄武玻璃	Na_0.08K_0.08Fe(Ⅱ)_0.17	8.67^③	—
	Mg_0.28Ca_0.26
	Al_0.36Fe(Ⅲ)_0.02SiTi_0.02O_3.45

矿物种类	化学成分	每封存1t CO₂ 所需质量/t	潜在CO₂吸收率（质量分数）/%
硅灰石	CaSiO₃	9.68^①	38
镁橄榄石	Mg₂SiO₄	5.86^②	63
蛇纹石	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	7.69^②	48
钙长石	CaAlSi₂O₈	23.1^①	16
玄武玻璃	Na_0.08K_0.08Fe(Ⅱ)_0.17	8.67^③	—
	Mg_0.28Ca_0.26
	Al_0.36Fe(Ⅲ)_0.02SiTi_0.02O_3.45

参数	适宜	不适宜
CO₂源汇匹配距离	<250km	>250km
目标储层位置	熔岩流的顶底部，拥有较好的孔隙结构、裂缝和角砾化发育程度	地层不具备孔隙结构发育、裂缝和角砾化
岩石矿物成分	硅灰石、镁橄榄石、蛇纹石、钙长石、玄武玻璃等较多	活性矿物含量较少
面积	>20km²	<10km²
体积	>20km³	<10km³
注入能力	低速注入	高速注入
环境条件（水资源、地表植被和社区）	远离	临近

参数	适宜	不适宜
CO₂源汇匹配距离	<250km	>250km
目标储层位置	熔岩流的顶底部，拥有较好的孔隙结构、裂缝和角砾化发育程度	地层不具备孔隙结构发育、裂缝和角砾化
岩石矿物成分	硅灰石、镁橄榄石、蛇纹石、钙长石、玄武玻璃等较多	活性矿物含量较少
面积	>20km²	<10km²
体积	>20km³	<10km³
注入能力	低速注入	高速注入
环境条件（水资源、地表植被和社区）	远离	临近

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