Abstract:

Extreme pressure and anti-wear agents are a kind of important lubricant additives, and are also indispensable main agents for gear oil. Compared with traditional extreme pressure and anti-wear agents, ionic liquids have attracted extensive attention in the field of tribology due to their structural designability, active elements contained in their molecules, excellent chemical stability and higher thermal decomposition temperature. The polarity of base oil will affect the solubility of ionic liquids. Based on this, this paper summarized the research progress on the influence of molecular configuration of ionic liquids on the solubility of ionic liquids in base oils of different polarities. The tribological properties and action mechanism of ionic liquids in different polar base oils were discussed. The effects of compounding ionic liquids with other additives were summarized. The paper pointed out that most ionic liquids had good solubility in polar oils, and both cationic and anionic structures in non-polar oils had an effect on their solubility. In both polar and non-polar oils, ionic liquids with excellent tribological properties contained active elements. The compounding of ionic liquids with other additives would affect its performance. Finally, combined with the shortcomings of the current work, suggestions were provided for the future development direction of ionic liquids as extreme pressure and anti-wear agents.

Key words: ionic liquid, anti-wear and extreme pressure agent, oil soluble, tribology, attrition

摘要：

极压抗磨剂是一类重要的润滑油添加剂，是齿轮油不可缺少的主剂。相比传统极压抗磨剂，离子液体结构的可设计性、分子中含有的活性元素、优异的化学稳定性及较高的热分解温度，使其在摩擦学领域受到广泛关注。基础油的极性会对离子液体的溶解性能有所影响，基于此，本文归纳了离子液体分子构型对其在不同极性基础油中溶解度影响的研究进展，探讨了离子液体在不同极性基础油中的摩擦学性能及作用机理，总结了离子液体与其他添加剂复配的效果。文中指出，大多离子液体在极性油中有较好的溶解度，在非极性油中阳离子和阴离子结构对其溶解性都有影响；在极性油中与非极性油中，具有优异摩擦学性能的离子液体都含有活性元素；离子液体与其他添加剂的复配会对其性能有所影响。最后，结合目前工作中的不足之处，针对离子液体极压抗磨剂的未来发展方向提供了建议。

关键词: 离子液体, 极压抗磨剂, 油溶性, 摩擦学, 磨损