Abstract:

The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to produce carbon-containing products can effectively relieve the greenhouse effect and energy shortage caused by excessive CO₂. However, the electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ could form a variety of products simultaneously, and thus catalysts with both high selectivity and catalytic activity is the focus of such researches. This review briefly describes the basic principles of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂, the formation pathways of different reduction products, the active intermediates, the rate control steps, the active catalysts. The existing problems are also analyzed, and a method to improve the catalytic activity is proposed. The development trend of the catalyst is summarized and the common strategies include manufacturing nanostructured materials, supporting catalysts on carriers with high specific surface areas, heteroatom doping, alloying, and introducing defects. The effects of changing the factors such as electron transport by using these methods on the catalyst activity and selectivity are analyzed.

Key words: electrocatalytic, carbon dioxide, reduction product, catalyst, modification

摘要：

电催化还原CO₂生成含碳产物技术，能有效解决CO₂过量导致的温室效应及能源短缺问题。但是，电催化还原CO₂会生成多种产物，因此，研究制备催化活性较好的高选择性催化剂是研究重点。本文简述了电催化还原CO₂的基本原理、不同还原产物的形成途径、活性中间体、速控步及活性催化剂，分析了电催化还原CO₂生成不同产物存在的问题。并且针对催化剂催化活性及催化反应过程中的这些问题，提出了提高催化剂催化活性的方法，总结了催化剂发展趋势，一般策略包括制造纳米结构材料、催化剂负载在高比表面积的载体上、杂原子掺杂、合金化、引入缺陷等，分析了这些方法通过改变电子传输等因素对催化剂活性及选择性的影响。

关键词: 电催化, 二氧化碳, 还原产物, 催化剂, 改性