Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell electric vehicles have the advantages of long cruising range and environmental-friendly, but there are problems in starting difficulties or even failures in low temperature environments. This problem seriously restricts the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electric vehicles.The study investigated the principle of icing inside the proton exchange membrane, and briefly described the damage to the proton exchange membrane itself, the catalytic layer, the gas diffusion layer and the membrane electrode as a whole by the start-up process in the sub-zero temperature environment. It focuses on the analysis of low-temperature start strategies for proton exchange membrane fuel cell electric vehicles, which can be roughly divided into three categories: shutdown and purge control strategies, external auxiliary heating and no auxiliary heating. The analysis shows that each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, but in general, a single starting method is not enough for the low-temperature starting effect of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electric vehicles. The mixed use of multiple methods has an ideal effect. In the future, the low-temperature start-up technology of fuel cell electric vehicles will develop towards a trend of mutual assistance in a variety of ways.

Key words: fuel cells, low-temperature start-up, heat transfer, hydrogen

摘要：

质子交换膜燃料电池电动汽车具有绿色环保、续航里程长等优点，但在温度较低的环境下存在启动困难甚至失败的问题，这一问题严重制约了质子交换膜燃料电池电动汽车的发展。研究调查了质子交换膜内部结冰的原理，简述了0℃以下低温环境下启动过程对质子交换膜本身、催化层、气体扩散层以及膜电极整体带来不同程度的损伤，重点分析了质子交换膜燃料电池电动汽车低温启动的策略，可大致分为三类：停机吹扫的控制策略、外部辅助加热和无辅助加热。分析表明每种方法都有其各自的优点与缺点，但总的来说单一的启动方法对质子交换膜燃料电池电动汽车低温启动的效果不如多种方法混合使用的效果理想，未来燃料电池电动汽车的低温启动技术将会朝着多种方法共同协助的趋势发展。

关键词: 燃料电池, 低温启动, 传热, 氢