Progress of hollow-structured-based sulfides in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0315

Abstract

Abstract:

The research of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen (H₂) generation has been devoted a lot to the efficient utilization of solar energy and the development of hydrogen energy. The design of photocatalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen production is the key step of photocatalytic reaction. The preparation of outstanding and highly efficient photocatalyst is a vital point to improve the photocatalytic performance. In this review, the study of metal sulfides with hollow structures were comprehensively reviewed, including the preparation, application and further progress of the hollow materials. Further, the importance of hollow structure to increase surface area, enhance light absorption, accelerate charge separation and enhance reaction performance was analyzed. Herein, we propose the advantages and future development of hollow-structure in the development of photocatalysis, and provide a reference for the future design of novel photocatalysts, aiming to improve the utilization efficiency of sunlight and accelerate H₂ evolution for the industrial applications of photocatalytic H₂ generation.

Key words: solar energy, hydrogen production, photocatalysis, catalyst, sulfides, hollow-structure

摘要：

利用太阳能进行的分解水制氢技术，可以促进太阳能的有效利用和清洁能源氢能的研发。在光催化制氢中，半导体光催化材料的性能是光催化反应性能提升的核心要素，制备优异、高效的光催化剂是提升光催化反应活性的关键步骤。本文从材料形貌和制备角度出发，选取金属硫化物为光催化中的主体半导体，对国内外金属硫化物空心结构的研究、应用和进展进行了回顾，分析了空心结构对增大材料比表面积、增强太阳光吸收、加速载流子分离以及提升反应活性的重要性，提出了空心结构在光催化发展中的优势，对空心结构的发展提出了展望，为这些新型材料的未来研发提供参考，从而能尽快提高光催化反应的太阳光利用率和氢气产量，有助于进一步实现光催化技术的工业化应用。

关键词: 太阳能, 制氢, 光催化, 催化剂, 硫化物, 空心结构

CLC Number:

ZHU Qiaohong, XING Mingyang, ZHANG Jinlong. Progress of hollow-structured-based sulfides in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 4774-4781.

朱乔虹, 邢明阳, 张金龙. 光催化分解水制氢中硫化物空心结构的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 4774-4781.

Figures/Tables 4

References 65

1	FUJISHIMA Akira, HONDA Kenichi. Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode[J]. Nature, 1972, 238 (5358): 37-38.
2	KUMAR Pawan, BOUKHERROUB Rabah, SHANKAR Karthik. Sunlight-driven water-splitting using two-dimensional carbon based semiconductors[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6 (27): 12876-12931.
3	ZHU Mingshan， SUN Zhichao, FUJITSUKA Mamoru, et al. Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting on a 2D heterostructure of black phosphorus/bismuth vanadate using visible light[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2018, 57 (8): 2160-2164.
4	SHI Rui, YE Huifang, LIANG Fei, et al. Interstitial P-doped CdS with long-lived photogenerated electrons for photocatalytic water splitting without sacrificial agents[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30 (6): 1705941.
5	ZHANG Yanlin, HAN Changseok, NADAGOUDA Mallikarjuna N, et al. The fabrication of innovative single crystal N,F-codoped titanium dioxide nanowires with enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of atrazine[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2015, 168/169: 550-558.
6	TOMBOC Gracita M, GADISA Bekelcha Tesfaye, Jinwhan JOO, et al. Hollow structured metal sulfides for photocatalytic hydrogen generation[J]. ChemNanoMat, 2020, 6 (6): 850-869.
7	LI Hongli, PAN Jiaqi, ZHAO Weijie, et al. The 2D nickel‑molybdenum bimetals sulfide synergistic modified hollow cubic CdS towards enhanced photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 497: 143769.
8	ZHU Qiaohong, XU Zehong, YI Qiuying, et al. Prolonged electron lifetime in sulfur vacancy-rich ZnCdS nanocages by interstitial phosphorus doping for photocatalytic water reduction[J]. Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2020, 4 (11): 3234-3239.
9	ZHANG Kan, KIM Jung Kyu, MA Ming, et al. Delocalized electron accumulation at nanorod tips: origin of efficient H₂ generation[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26 (25): 4527-4534.
10	YU Yanchun, WANG Enbo. Noble-metal-free ternary CN-ZCS-NiS nanocomposites for enhanced solar photocatalytic H₂-production activity[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2018, 47 (4): 1171-1178.
11	XUE Chao, LI H, AN Hua, et al. NiS_x quantum dots accelerate electron transfer in Cd_0.8Zn_0.2S photocatalytic system via an rGO nanosheet “bridge” toward visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2018, 8 (2): 1532-1545.
12	LINGAMPALLI S R, GAUTAM Ujjal K, RAO C N R. Highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation by solution-processed ZnO/Pt/CdS, ZnO/Pt/Cd_1-_xZn_xS and ZnO/Pt/CdS_1-_xSe_x hybrid nanostructures[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013, 6 (12): 3589-3594.
13	HAN Zhonghui, CHEN Gang, LI Chunmei, et al. Preparation of 1D cubic Cd_0.8Zn_0.2S solid-solution nanowires using levelling effect of TGA and improved photocatalytic H₂-production activity[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3 (4): 1696-1702.
14	CHAI Bo, YAN Juntao, FAN Guozhi, et al. Amorphous MoS₂ decorated on uniform Cd_0.8Zn_0.2S microspheres with dramatically improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance[J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 2019, 43 (20): 7846-7854.
15	CHEN Jianmin, SHEN Zirong, Siming LYU, et al. Fabricating sandwich-shelled ZnCdS/ZnO/ZnCdS dodecahedral cages with “one stone” as Z-scheme photocatalysts for highly efficient hydrogen production[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6 (40): 19631-19642.
16	CHEN Jianmin, Siming LYU, SHEN Zirong, et al. Novel ZnCdS quantum dots engineering for enhanced visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019, 7 (16): 13805-13814.
17	RAN Jingrun, MA Tianyi, GAO Guoping, et al. Porous P-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for synergistically enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H₂ production[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2015, 8 (12): 3708-3717.
18	LIU Mingquan, JIAO Yingying, QIN Junchao, et al. Boron doped C₃N₄ nanodots/nonmetal element (S, P, F, Br) doped C₃N₄ nanosheets heterojunction with synergistic effect to boost the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2021, 541: 148558.
19	WANG Shuaijun, HE Fengting, ZHAO Xiaoli, et al. Phosphorous doped carbon nitride nanobelts for photodegradation of emerging contaminants and hydrogen evolution[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 257: 117931.
20	LIU Guangqing, XUE Mengwei, LIU Qinpu, et al. Carbon doped honeycomb-like graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2019, 552: 728-734.
21	ZHANG Luhong, JIN Zhengyuan, HUANG Shaolong, et al. Bio-inspired carbon doped graphitic carbon nitride with booming photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 246: 61-71.
22	YANG Jinhui, WANG Donge, HAN Hongxian, et al. Roles of cocatalysts in photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46 (8): 1900-1909.
23	RAN Jingrun, ZHANG Jun, YU Jiaguo, et al. Earth-abundant cocatalysts for semiconductor-based photocatalytic water splitting[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2014, 43 (22): 7787-7812.
24	CAO Shuang, CHEN Yong, WANG Chuanjun, et al. Spectacular photocatalytic hydrogen evolution using metal-phosphide/CdS hybrid catalysts under sunlight irradiation[J]. Chemical Communications, 2015, 51 (41): 8708-8711.
25	ZHU Qiaohong, QIU Bocheng, DUAN Huan, et al. Electron directed migration cooperated with thermodynamic regulation over bimetallic NiFeP/g-C₃N₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 259: 118078.
26	HUANG Hengming, DAI Baoying, WANG Wei, et al. Oriented built-in electric field introduced by surface gradient diffusion doping for enhanced photocatalytic H₂ evolution in CdS nanorods[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17 (6): 3803-3808.
27	ZHU Qiaohong, QIU Bocheng, DU Mengmeng, et al. Dopant-induced edge and basal plane catalytic sites on ultrathin C₃N₄ nanosheets for photocatalytic water reduction[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2020, 8 (19): 7497-7502.
28	YE Huifang, SHI Rui, YANG Xiao, et al. P-doped Zn_xCd_1-_xS solid solutions as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution from water splitting coupled with photocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018, 233: 70-79.
29	WU Shiqun, CHEN Ziyu, LIU Kaida, et al. Chemisorption-induced and plasmon-promoted photofixation of nitrogen on gold-loaded carbon nitride nanosheets[J]. ChemSusChem, 2020, 13 (13): 3455-3461.
30	ZHU Qiaohong, QIU Bocheng, DU Mengmeng, et al. Nickel boride cocatalyst boosting efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018, 57 (24): 8125-8130.
31	HUANG Xiaoyue, GU Wenyi, HU Songchang, et al. Phosphorus-doped inverse opal g-C₃N₄ for efficient and selective CO generation from photocatalytic reduction of CO₂[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2020, 10 (11): 3694-3700.
32	YAN Tingjiang, LI Liping, LI Guangshe. Solvothermal synthesis of hierarchical SnIn₄S₈ microspheres and their application in photocatalysis[J]. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2011, 37 (2): 297-307.
33	DONG Chunyang, LIAN Cheng, HU Songchang, et al. Size-dependent activity and selectivity of carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction over platinum nanoparticles[J]. Nature Communications2018, 9 (1): 1252.
34	XING Mingyang, ZHOU Yi, DONG Chunyang, et al. Modulation of the reduction potential of TiO_2–_x by fluorination for efficient and selective CH₄ generation from CO₂ photoreduction[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18 (6): 3384-3390.
35	WU Shiqun, TAN Xianjun, LEI Juying, et al. Ga-doped and Pt-loaded porous TiO₂-SiO₂ for photocatalytic nonoxidative coupling of methane[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019, 141 (16): 6592-6600.
36	ZHOU Yi, ZHOU Lei, ZHOU Yanbo, et al. Z-scheme photo-Fenton system for efficiency synchronous oxidation of organic contaminants and reduction of metal ions[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020, 279: 119365.
37	QIU Bocheng, ZHU Qiaohong, DU Mengmeng, et al. Efficient solar light harvesting CdS/Co₉S₈ hollow cubes for Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2017, 56 (10): 2684-2688.
38	DENG Yuanxin, XIAO Yifei, ZHOU Yi, et al. A structural engineering-inspired CdS based composite for photocatalytic remediation of organic pollutant and hexavalent chromium[J]. Catalysis Today, 2019, 335: 101-109.
39	XU Jie, LI Ming, QIU Jianhao, et al. PEGylated deep eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis of CdS@CeO₂ composites with enhanced visible light photocatalytic ability[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 383: 123135.
40	ZHAO Yi, LU Yongfeng, CHEN Lu, et al. Redox dual-cocatalyst-modified CdS double-heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12 (41): 46073-46083.
41	QIU Bocheng, ZHU Qiaohong, XING Mingyang, et al. A robust and efficient catalyst of Cd_xZn_1-_xSe motivated by CoP for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under sunlight irradiation[J]. Chemical Communications, 2017, 53 (5): 897-900.
42	XU Wen, ZHOU Xun, QI Zhaopeng, et al. One-pot colloidal synthesis of MoSe₂-Pt nanoflowers and their enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance[J]. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2019, 45 (3): 1217-1226.
43	YOU Daotong, PAN Bao, HE Yishan, et al. Enhanced visible light photocatalytic H₂ evolution over CeO₂ loaded with Pt and CdS[J]. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2017, 43 (9): 5103-5112, .
44	ZHANG Xiaohu, XIAO Jie, HOU Min, et al. Robust visible/near-infrared light driven hydrogen generation over Z-scheme conjugated polymer/CdS hybrid[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018, 224: 871-876.
45	XIAO Mu, WANG Zhiliang, Miaoqiang LYU, et al. Hollow nanostructures for photocatalysis: advantages and challenges[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31 (38): 1801369.
46	QIU Bocheng, WANG Cong, ZHANG Ning, et al. CeO₂-induced interfacial Co²⁺ octahedral sites and oxygen vacancies for water oxidation[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2019, 9 (7): 6484-6490.
47	QIU Bocheng, ZHONG Chengchao, XING Mingyang, et al. Facile preparation of C-modified TiO₂ supported on MCF for high visible-light-driven photocatalysis[J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 5 (23): 17802-17808.
48	XING Mingyang, QIU Bocheng, DU Mengmeng, et al. Spatially separated CdS shells exposed with reduction surfaces for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2017, 27 (35): 1702624.
49	YOU Dan, SHI Dajun, CHENG Qingrong, et al. Integrating Mn-ZIF-67 on hollow spherical CdS photocatalysts forming a unique interfacial structure for the efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and degradation under visible light[J]. Environmental Science: Nano, 2020, 7 (9): 2809-2822.
50	WANG Sibo, GUAN Buyuan, WANG Xiao, et al. Formation of hierarchical Co₉S₈@ZnIn₂S₄ heterostructured cages as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018, 140 (45): 15145-15148.
51	CHEN Jianmin, CHEN Junying, LI Yingwei. Hollow ZnCdS dodecahedral cages for highly efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen generation[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5 (46): 24116-24125.
52	IQBAL Muhammad Faisal, ASHIQ Muhammad Naeem, ZHANG Meng. Design of metals sulfides with carbon materials for supercapacitor applications: a review[J]. Energy Technology, 2021, 9(4): 2000987.
53	WANG Yihui, XU Kai, ZHU Zizheng, et al. Sulfurization-induced partially amorphous palladium sulfide nanosheets for highly efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution[J]. Chemical Communications, 2021, 57(11): 1368-1371.
54	ASLAN Emre, SARILMAZ Adem, OZEL Faruk, et al. Catalytic hydrogen evolution by molybdenum-based ternary metal sulfide nanoparticles[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2019, 2 (11): 7204-7213.
55	ZHU Cheng, LIU Chang’an, FU Yijun, et al. Construction of CDs/CdS photocatalysts for stable and efficient hydrogen production in water and seawater[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 242: 178-185.
56	WANG Sibo, GUAN Buyuan, LOU Xiongwen, et al. Construction of ZnIn₂S₄-In₂O₃ hierarchical tubular heterostructures for efficient CO₂ photoreduction[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018, 140 (15): 5037-5040.
57	WANG Li, WAN Jiawei, WANG Jiangyan, et al. Small structures bring big things: performance control of hollow multishelled structures[J]. Small Structures, 2021, 2 (1): 2000041.
58	WEI Renbin, HUANG Zanling, GU Guanghui, et al. Dual-cocatalysts decorated rimous CdS spheres advancing highly-efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018, 231: 101-107.
59	ZHAO Fei, LI Hao, LIU Tongyao, et al. Spatially separated CdS hollow spheres with interfacial charge transfer and cocatalyst for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Molecular Catalysis, 2019, 474: 110418.
60	BIE Chuanbiao, ZHU Bicheng, XU Feiyan, et al. In situ grown monolayer N-doped graphene on CdS hollow spheres with seamless contact for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31 (42): 1902868.
61	YANG Haowei, FAN Jinlong, ZHOU Chengxin, et al. A Z-scheme BiVO₄/CdS hollow sphere with a high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity[J]. Materials Letters, 2020, 280: 128317.
62	ZHENG Ningchao, OUYANG Ting, CHEN Yibo, et al. Ultrathin CdS shell-sensitized hollow S-doped CeO₂ spheres for efficient visible-light photocatalysis[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2019, 9 (6): 1357-1364.
63	SU Yun, AO Dan, LIU Hong, et al. MOF-derived yolk-shell CdS microcubes with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5 (18): 8680-8689.
64	JIN Pengxia, WANG Lei, MA Xiaolei, et al. Construction of hierarchical ZnIn₂S₄@PCN-224 heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic performance in hydrogen production and degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2021, 284: 119762.
65	WANG Xiao, CHEN Ye, FANG Yongjin, et al. Synthesis of cobalt sulfide multi-shelled nanoboxes with precisely controlled two to five shells for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2019, 58 (9): 2675-2679.

[1]	ZHANG Mingyan, LIU Yan, ZHANG Xueting, LIU Yake, LI Congju, ZHANG Xiuling. Research progress of non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts in zinc-air batteries [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 276-286.
[2]	SHI Yongxing, LIN Gang, SUN Xiaohang, JIANG Weigeng, QIAO Dawei, YAN Binhang. Research progress on active sites in Cu-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 287-298.
[3]	XIE Luyao, CHEN Songzhe, WANG Laijun, ZHANG Ping. Platinum-based catalysts for SO₂ depolarized electrolysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 299-309.
[4]	YANG Xiazhen, PENG Yifan, LIU Huazhang, HUO Chao. Regulation of active phase of fused iron catalyst and its catalytic performance of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 310-318.
[5]	WANG Lele, YANG Wanrong, YAO Yan, LIU Tao, HE Chuan, LIU Xiao, SU Sheng, KONG Fanhai, ZHU Canghai, XIANG Jun. Influence of spent SCR catalyst blending on the characteristics and deNO _x performance for new SCR catalyst [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 489-497.
[6]	DENG Liping, SHI Haoyu, LIU Xiaolong, CHEN Yaoji, YAN Jingying. Non-noble metal modified vanadium titanium-based catalyst for NH₃-SCR denitrification simultaneous control VOCs [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 542-548.
[7]	CHENG Tao, CUI Ruili, SONG Junnan, ZHANG Tianqi, ZHANG Yunhe, LIANG Shijie, PU Shi. Analysis of impurity deposition and pressure drop increase mechanisms in residue hydrotreating unit [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4616-4627.
[8]	WANG Peng, SHI Huibing, ZHAO Deming, FENG Baolin, CHEN Qian, YANG Da. Recent advances on transition metal catalyzed carbonylation of chlorinated compounds [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4649-4666.
[9]	ZHANG Qi, ZHAO Hong, RONG Junfeng. Research progress of anti-toxicity electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFC [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4677-4691.
[10]	GE Quanqian, XU Mai, LIANG Xian, WANG Fengwu. Research progress on the application of MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4692-4705.
[11]	WANG Weitao, BAO Tingyu, JIANG Xulu, HE Zhenhong, WANG Kuan, YANG Yang, LIU Zhaotie. Oxidation of benzene to phenol over aldehyde-ketone resin based metal-free catalyst [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4706-4715.
[12]	GE Yafen, SUN Yu, XIAO Peng, LIU Qi, LIU Bo, SUN Chengying, GONG Yanjun. Research progress of zeolite for VOCs removal [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4716-4730.
[13]	WANG Chen, BAI Haoliang, KANG Xue. Performance study of high power UV-LED heat dissipation and nano-TiO₂ photocatalytic acid red 26 coupling system [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4905-4916.
[14]	WU Haibo, WANG Xilun, FANG Yanxiong, JI Hongbing. Progress of the development and application of 3D printing catalyst [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 3956-3964.
[15]	XIANG Yang, HUANG Xun, WEI Zidong. Recent progresses in the activity and selectivity improvement of electrocatalytic organic synthesis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4005-4014.