Review on removal methods of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in environment

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1438

Abstract

Abstract:

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) which are newly defined persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 2017 are of significant harm to human health and ecology. Nowadays, the research work on SCCPs mainly focuses on the analysis and detection methods and concentration level distribution of SCCPs in the environment, but there are few researches on efficient removal methods and removal mechanism of SCCPs. In this paper, the current effectively removal methods of SCCPs are reviewed, including physicochemical methods (general physicochemical methods and advanced oxidation processes) and biological methods (bacterial degradation and plant absorption). In addition, the merits and demerits of each method are compared and analyzed, accordingly pointing out the possible influencing factors, degradation mechanisms and pathways of removing SCCPs by different methods. Moreover, some other feasible SCCPs removal methods are put forward by analogy. On the whole, although the physicochemical methods have high removal efficiency, the cost is high and the operating conditions are harsh, so microbial methods have greater development potential due to their economic and environment-friendly characteristics. On this basis, it is recommended that the microbial methods combined with physicochemical methods will have the potential to develop into the best removal process. Finally, the research emphasis of SCCPs’ removal methods in the future is also prospected.

Key words: short-chain chlorinated paraffins, environment, pollution, physicochemical method, advanced oxidation process, biological removal, degradation

摘要：

短链氯化石蜡（SCCPs）是2017年新定义的持久性有机污染物（POPs），能对人体健康及生态环境造成重大危害。现阶段国内外关于SCCPs的研究工作主要集中在环境中SCCPs的分析检测方法和浓度水平分布规律，对SCCPs的高效去除方法及去除机理的研究较少。本文主要综述了现阶段SCCPs的有效去除方法，包括物化法（一般物化法和高级氧化处理）和生物法（细菌降解和植物吸收法），对比分析了这些方法的优缺点，讨论了不同方法去除SCCPs的影响因素、可能降解机理及途径，并通过类比借鉴，提出了其他具有可行性的去除SCCPs的方法。总体而言，虽然物化法去除效率高，但是成本高且操作条件苛刻，微生物法因经济环保而具有更大的发展潜力，但若将微生物法与物化法联用，则有可能发展成为最佳去除工艺。最后展望了环境中SCCPs去除方法的研究重点。

关键词: 短链氯化石蜡, 环境, 污染, 物化法, 高级氧化法, 生物去除, 降解

CLC Number:

HAN Wanling, QIAN Yongxing, ZHANG Huining, CHEN Jiwei, MA Jianqing, ZHANG Kefeng. Review on removal methods of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in environment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(6): 3444-3454.

韩婉玲, 钱勇兴, 张会宁, 陈吉炜, 马建青, 张科锋. 环境中短链氯化石蜡去除方法的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(6): 3444-3454.

Figures/Tables 4

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污染物种类	吸附质	吸附剂	吸附剂用量	吸附平衡时间	去除效果	吸附动力学	吸附机理
抗生素	四环素^［72］	硝化颗粒污泥	30mg·L^-1	4h	7.30mg·（gSS）^-1 （悬浮固形物）	拟二级动力学	表面吸附和颗粒内扩散
抗生素	磺胺甲唑^［73］	活性污泥	2.56g·L^-1	1h	92.1%	零级动力学	—
多溴二苯醚	十溴二苯醚^［74］	好氧颗粒污泥	8g SS·L^-1	12h	＞95.0%	修正的拟一级动力学	化学吸附
药品及个人护理用品	甲胺呋硫^［75］	混合的驯化异养菌	—	5h	96%	—	静电相互作用
药品及个人护理用品	扑热息痛和水杨酸^［76］	活性污泥	—	24h	—	二级动力学	表面吸附

污染物种类	吸附质	吸附剂	吸附剂用量	吸附平衡时间	去除效果	吸附动力学	吸附机理
抗生素	四环素^［72］	硝化颗粒污泥	30mg·L^-1	4h	7.30mg·（gSS）^-1 （悬浮固形物）	拟二级动力学	表面吸附和颗粒内扩散
抗生素	磺胺甲唑^［73］	活性污泥	2.56g·L^-1	1h	92.1%	零级动力学	—
多溴二苯醚	十溴二苯醚^［74］	好氧颗粒污泥	8g SS·L^-1	12h	＞95.0%	修正的拟一级动力学	化学吸附
药品及个人护理用品	甲胺呋硫^［75］	混合的驯化异养菌	—	5h	96%	—	静电相互作用
药品及个人护理用品	扑热息痛和水杨酸^［76］	活性污泥	—	24h	—	二级动力学	表面吸附

技术方法	影响因素	优点	缺点	反应途径/机制	反应产物
一般物化去除法^［42-44］	SCCPs和催化剂投加量以及浓度、pH、温度、碳链长度和氯化度	工艺简单、去除污染物速率较快	污染处理费用较大、不适合大规模应用	还原脱氯	正构烷烃和正构烯烃、醇类或长链中间体
高级氧化法^［48-53］	光照强度、SCCPs和催化剂投加量以及浓度、pH、温度	耗时短、效率高、重现性好、容易处理、便于工程化应用	成本高、光催化剂较难再生、加工条件复杂、易生成有机副产物	光催化降解	烯烃和羰基化合物的中间体、H₂O、CO₂和HCl
细菌降解法^［56-60］	碳链长度和氯化度、pH、温度	经济成本低、操作简单、无二次污染	细菌降解周期较长	生物转化和脱氯降解	低氯同类物或正构烷烃
植物吸收法^{［27，79‐80］}	碳链长度和氯化度、pH、温度	成本低、环保	植物培养较慢、不适合大规模应用	脱卤和羟基化、在植物组织中脱氯和氯重排	低氯同类物C₁₀H₁₇Cl₅、C₁₀H₁₆Cl₆和其他C₁₀H₁₅Cl₇
动物去除法^{［85‐86］}	碳链长度和氯化度、pH、温度	操作简单、成本低	受环境影响大、不好调控	氧化脱卤作用	脂肪酸

技术方法	影响因素	优点	缺点	反应途径/机制	反应产物
一般物化去除法^［42-44］	SCCPs和催化剂投加量以及浓度、pH、温度、碳链长度和氯化度	工艺简单、去除污染物速率较快	污染处理费用较大、不适合大规模应用	还原脱氯	正构烷烃和正构烯烃、醇类或长链中间体
高级氧化法^［48-53］	光照强度、SCCPs和催化剂投加量以及浓度、pH、温度	耗时短、效率高、重现性好、容易处理、便于工程化应用	成本高、光催化剂较难再生、加工条件复杂、易生成有机副产物	光催化降解	烯烃和羰基化合物的中间体、H₂O、CO₂和HCl
细菌降解法^［56-60］	碳链长度和氯化度、pH、温度	经济成本低、操作简单、无二次污染	细菌降解周期较长	生物转化和脱氯降解	低氯同类物或正构烷烃
植物吸收法^{［27，79‐80］}	碳链长度和氯化度、pH、温度	成本低、环保	植物培养较慢、不适合大规模应用	脱卤和羟基化、在植物组织中脱氯和氯重排	低氯同类物C₁₀H₁₇Cl₅、C₁₀H₁₆Cl₆和其他C₁₀H₁₅Cl₇
动物去除法^{［85‐86］}	碳链长度和氯化度、pH、温度	操作简单、成本低	受环境影响大、不好调控	氧化脱卤作用	脂肪酸

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