Research and industrialization progress in synthesis of glycerol carbonate

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1885

Abstract

Abstract:

Glycerol carbonate is recognized as one of the most attractive glycerol derivatives. The conversion of biodiesel-generated glycerol into high value-added glycerol carbonate has been one of the effective ways for the comprehensive utilization of glycerol. In this review, conventional synthesis methods of glycerol carbonate, including phosgene method, CO oxidative carbonylation, transesterification, urea alcoholysis and CO ₂ conversion methods are introduced. The primary adopted catalyst as well as the corresponding reaction mechanisms are summarized. The market situation of glycerol carbonate in China and its current industrialization progresses are also analyzed. Finally, the future development is proposed from both research and industrialization perspectives. It is pointed out that we should focus on the basic catalyst theory besides developing high-performance catalysts. On the other hand, we should optimize the process flow and reduce the production cost in addition to focusing on the downstream industrial applications and the possible substitutions. We also suggest that China should promote the large-scale production of glycerol carbonate production by biodiesel by-product glycerol and its demonstration, and thus accelerate the cultivation of the biomass energy and waste resource utilization industry that could be internationally competitive.

Key words: glycerol carbonate, biodiesel, chemical processes, esterification, synthesis, catalyst

摘要：

碳酸甘油酯是一种颇具吸引力的高附加值甘油衍生物，研究以甘油为反应底物制备高附加值的碳酸甘油酯，已成为实现生物柴油副产物甘油综合利用的有效途径之一。本文简述了包括光气法、CO氧化羰化法、酯交换法、尿素醇解法、CO ₂转化法等在内的碳酸甘油酯合成方法，总结了现有碳酸甘油酯合成的主要催化剂及催化合成反应机理，并简要介绍了我国原料甘油市场现状及国内外碳酸甘油酯合成的产业化进展。最后，从技术研发和产业化发展两个方面对碳酸甘油酯合成的未来发展进行了展望，指出一方面应在开发具有高性能催化剂的同时注重催化基础理论的研究，另一方面应在优化工艺流程、降低产品成本的同时注重下游产业应用与替代，并提出我国应推进生物柴油副产物甘油合成碳酸甘油酯的规模化生产与应用示范，加快培育具有国际竞争力的生物质能源与废弃物资源化利用产业。

关键词: 碳酸甘油酯, 生物柴油, 化学过程, 酯化, 合成, 催化剂

CLC Number:

TQ645

Xinyu MENG, Jie XU, Jie WAN, Yanjun LIU, Xiaoli WANG, Jun ZHANG, Feng ZHENG, Jianfei KAN, Gongde WU. Research and industrialization progress in synthesis of glycerol carbonate[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(9): 3739-3749.

孟心宇, 徐杰, 万杰, 刘雁军, 王晓丽, 张君, 郑锋, 阚建飞, 吴功德. 碳酸甘油酯的合成研究及产业化进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(9): 3739-3749.

References

1	滕虎, 牟英, 杨天奎, 等. 生物柴油研究进展[J]. 生物工程学报, 2010, 26( 7): 892- 902.
1	TENG H, MOU Y, YANG T Q, et al. Advances in biodiesel research[J]. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 2010, 26( 7): 892- 902.
2	AGARWAL A K. Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines[J]. Progress in Energy & Combustion Science, 2007, 33( 3): 233- 271.
3	王常文, 崔方方, 宋宇. 生物柴油的研究现状及发展前景[J]. 中国油脂, 2014, 39( 5): 44- 48.
3	WANG C W, CUI F F, SONG Y. Research situation and development prospect of biodiesel[J]. China Oil and Fats, 2014, 39( 5): 44- 48.
4	QUISPE C A G, CORONADO C J R, CARVALHO J A C. Glycerol: production, consumption, prices, characterization and new trends in combustion[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, 27( 6): 475- 493.
5	WAI K T, GEK C N, ROZITA Y, et al. A review on the performance of glycerol carbonate production via catalytic transesterification: effects of influencing parameters[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2014, 88: 484- 497.
6	CIRIMINNA R, PINA C D, ROSSI M, et al. Understanding the glycerol market [J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2014, 116( 10): 1432- 1439.
7	ZHONG C, CAO Y X, LI B Z, et al. Biofuels in China: past, present and future[J]. Biefuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2010, 4( 3): 326- 342.
8	KUMAR L R, YELLAPU S K, TYAGI R D, et al. A review on variation in crude glycerol composition, bio-vvalorization of crude and purified glycerol as carbon source for lipid production[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 293: 122155.
9	朱善辉, 王建国, 樊卫斌, 等. 甘油催化氢解制备精细化学品的研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2016, 32( 1): 85- 97.
9	ZHU S H, WANG J G, FAN W B, et al. Advances in catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol to fine chemicals[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2016, 32( 1): 85- 97.
10	BHER A, EILTING J, IRAWADI K, et al. Improved utilization of renewable resources: new important derivatives of glycerol [J]. Green Chemistry, 2008, 10( 1): 13- 30.
11	HE Q, MCNUTT J, YANG J. Utilization of the residual glycerol from biodiesel production for renewable energy generation [J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 71: 63- 76.
12	LAMEIRAS P, BOUDESOCQUE L, MOULOUNGUI Z, et al. Glycerol and glycerol carbonate as ultraviscous solvents for mixture analysis by NMR[J]. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2011, 212( 1): 161- 168.
13	ROKICKI G, RAKOCZY P, PARZUCHOWSKI P, et al. Hyperbranched aliphatic polyethers obtained from environmentally benign monomer:glycerol carbonate[J]. Green Chemistry, 2005, 7( 7): 529- 539.
14	殷元骐. 羰基合成化学 [M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 1996: 238- 260.
14	YIN Y Q. Chemistry of OXO-synthesis [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 1996: 238- 260.
15	NOMANBHAY S, ONG M Y, CHEW K W, et al. Organic carbonate production utilizing crude glycerol derived as by-product of biodiesel production: a review[J]. Energies, 2020, 13( 6): 1483- 1506.
16	董丹霞. 一种新型碳酸酯在电解质中的应用研究 [D]. 天津: 天津科技大学, 2012.
16	DONG D X. The application of a new carbonate in electrolyte [D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 2012.
17	NEMIROWSKY J. Ueber die einwirkung von chlorkohlenoxyd auf glycolchlorhydrin [J]. Journal Für Praktische Chemie, 1885, 31( 1): 173- 175.
18	FRANKLIN S. N-substituted carbamic acid esters: US19480004065[P]. 1948-01-23.
19	ROUSSEAU J, ROUSSEAU C, LYNIKAITE B, et al. Tosylated glycerol carbonate, a versatile bis-electrophile to access new functionalized glycidol derivatives[J]. Tetrahedron, 2009, 65( 41): 8571- 8581.
20	HU J L, LI J J, GU Y L, et al. Oxidative carbonylation of glycerol to glycerol carbonate catalyzed by PdCl ₂(phen)/KI[J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2010, 386( 1): 188- 193.
21	CASIELLO M, MONOPOLI A, COTUGNO P, et al. Copper(Ⅱ) chloride-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of glycerol to glycerol carbonate[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2014, 381( 1): 99- 106.
22	MIZUNO T, NAKAI T, MIHARA M. Facile synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol using selenium-catalyzed carbonylation with carbon monoxide[J]. Heteroatom Chemistry, 2010, 21( 10): 541- 545.
23	LI J B, WANG T. Coupling reaction and azeotropic distillation for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2010, 49( 5): 530- 535.
24	LI J, WANG T. On the deactivation of alkali solid catalysts for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate[J]. Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms & Catalysis, 2011, 102( 1): 113- 126.
25	杜美美, 李秋小, 董万田, 等. CaO 催化制备碳酸甘油酯[J]. 精细化工, 2012, 29( 2): 200- 204.
25	DU M M, LI Q X, DONG W T, et al. Synthesis of glycerol carbonate catalyzed by CaO[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2012, 29( 2): 200- 204.
26	DE C P, BANDRES M, URRUTIGOITY M, et al. Recent progress in synthesis of glycerol carbonate and evaluation of its plasticizing properties[J]. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2019, 7: 308- 321.
27	MALYAADRI M, JAGADEESWARAIAH K, PRASAD P S S, et al. Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate over Mg/Al/Zr catalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2011, 401( 1): 153- 157.
28	WANG D, ZHANG X, CONG X, et al. Influence of Zr on the performance of Mg-Al catalysts via hydrotalcite-like precursors for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from urea and glycerol[J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2018, 555: 36- 46.
29	TAKAGAKI A, IWATANI K, NISHIMURA S, et al. Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dialkyl carbonates using hydrotalcite as a reusable heterogeneous base catalyst[J]. Green Chemistry, 2010, 12( 4): 578- 581.
30	刘振民, 李斌, 薛永兵, 等. 甘油/碳酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸甘油酯的热力学分析[J]. 天然气化工, 2019, 44( 4): 55- 60.
30	LIU Z M, LI B, XUE Y B, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of synthesis of glycerol carbonate via transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate[J]. Natural Gas Chemical Industry, 2019, 44( 4): 55- 60.
31	吴元锋. 合成高附加值甘油衍生物催化剂制备及其性能研究 [D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2018.
31	WU Y F. Catalysts for preparation of valued-added glycerol derivates: synthesis and their catalytic performance [D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2018.
32	王洪平, 梁爽, 王泽溟, 等. 甘油尿素法合成甘油碳酸酯的催化剂研究进展[J]. 石油化工, 2018, 47( 5): 112- 118.
32	WANG H P, LIANG S, WANG Z M, et al. Advances in study on catalysts for synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea[J]. Petrochemical Technology, 2018, 47( 5): 112- 118.
33	杨水晶, 荣萍, 蒋希希, 等. 尿素与甘油反应绿色合成甘油碳酸酯催化剂的研究进展[J]. 广州化工, 2018, 46( 16): 41- 43.
33	YANG S J, RONG P, JIANG X X, et al. Review of catalysts investigation for green manufacture of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea[J]. Guangzhou Chemical Industry, 2018, 46( 16): 41- 43.
34	KUMAR C, JAGADEESWARAIAH K, PRASAD P S, et al. Samarium-exchanged heteropoly tungstate: an efficient solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and benzylation of anisole[J]. ChemCatChem, 2012, 4( 9): 1360- 1367.
35	CHEN J J, WANG C, DONG B, et al. Ionic liquids as eco-friendly catalysts for conveting glycerol and urea into high value-added glycerol carbonate[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2015, 6( 3): 336- 343.
36	宋相海. 甘油及CO ₂催化转化催化剂制备及性能研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2018.
36	SONG X H. Catalysts for glycerol and CO ₂ catalytic conversion: preparation and performance study[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2018.
37	ARESTA M, DIBENEDETTO A, NOCITO F, et al. A study on the carboxylation of glycerol to glycerol carbonate with carbon dioxide: The role of the catalyst, solvent and reaction conditions[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2006, 257( 1): 149- 153.
38	LI H G, GAO D Z, GAO P, et al. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and CO ₂ over La ₂O ₂CO ₃-ZnO catalysts[J]. Catalysis Science & Technolony, 2012, 3( 10): 2801- 2809.
39	GEORGE J, PATEL Y, PILLAI S M, et al. Methanol assisted selective formation of 1,2-glycerol carbonate from glycerol and carbon dioxide using n-Bu ₂SnO as a catalyst[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2009, 304: 1- 7.
40	李斌, 薛永兵, 王潇潇, 等. 甘油碳酸酯的催化合成研究进展[J]. 山西化工, 2018, 38( 5): 44- 47.
40	LI B, XUE Y B, WANG X X, et al. Research progress in catalytic synthesis of glycerol carbonate [J]. Shanxi Chemical Industry, 2018, 38( 5): 44- 47.
41	孙海云. 异相催化合成甘油碳酸酯研究[D]. 青岛: 山东科技大学, 2017.
41	SUN H Y. Study on the synthesis of glycerol carbonate by heterogeneous catalysis[D]. Qingdao: Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2017.
42	BAI Z Q, ZHENG Y G, HAN W W, et al. Development of trapezoidal MgO catalyst for high-efficient transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate[J]. Crystengcomm, 2018, 20( 29): 4090- 4098.
43	LIU J X, LI Y M, ZHANG J, et al. Glycerol carbonylation with CO ₂ to glycerol carbonate over CeO ₂ catalyst and the influence of CeO ₂ preparation methods and reaction parameters[J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2016, 513( 1): 9- 18.
44	WANG L G, MA Y B, WANG Y, et al. Efficient synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea with lanthanum oxide as a solid base catalyst[J]. Catalysis Communications, 2011, 12( 15): 1458- 1462.
45	WU Y F, SONG X H, ZHANG J H, et al. Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and diethyl carbonate over CeO ₂-CdO catalyst: the role of Ce ⁴⁺ doped into CdO lattice[J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2018, 87: 131- 139.
46	RAMESH S, DEBECKER D P. Room temperature synthesis of glycerol carbonate catalyzed by spray dried sodium aluminate microspheres[J]. Catalysis Communications, 2017, 97: 102- 105.
47	FUJITA S, YAMANISHI Y, ARAI M. Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using zinc-containing solid catalysts: a homogeneous reaction[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2013, 297: 137- 141.
48	OKOYE P U, ABDULLAH A Z, HAMEED B H. Glycerol carbonate synthesis from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate using trisodium phosphate[J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2016, 68: 51- 58.
49	ESHUIS J J W. Polymerisation of glycerol using a zeolite catalyst: US 19950501040[P]. 1995-12-20.
50	LIU P, DERCHI M, HENSEN E J M. Promotional effect of transition metal doping on the basicity and activity of calcined hydrotalcite catalysts for glycerol carbonate synthesis[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2014, 144: 135- 143.
51	CHEN J J, WANG C, DONG B B, et al. Ionic liquids as eco-friendly catalysts for converting glycerol and urea into high value-added glycerol carbonate[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2015, 36( 3): 336- 343.
52	WANG X X, ZHANG P, CUI P L, et al. Glycerol carbonate synthesis from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate using guanidine ionic liquids[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2017, 25( 9): 1182- 1186.
53	KIM D W, PARK K A, KIM M J, et al. Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from urea and glycerol using polymer-supported metal containing ionic liquid catalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2014, 473: 31- 40.
54	LEE Y, KIM S B, LEE T, et al. Efficient and simultaneous cleaner production of biodiesel and glycerol carbonate in solvent-free system via statistical optimization[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 218: 985- 992.
55	TUDORACHE M, PROTESESCU L, COMAN S, et al. Efficient bio-conversion of glycerol to glycerol carbonate catalyzed by lipase extracted from aspergillus niger[J]. Green Chemistry, 2012, 14( 2): 478- 482.
56	WAGHMARE G V, VETAL M D, RATHOD V K. Ultrasound assisted enzyme catalyzed synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2015, 22: 311- 316.
57	JUNG H, LEE Y, KIM D, et al. Enzymatic production of glycerol carbonate from by-product after biodiesel manufacturing process[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2012, 51( 3): 143- 147.
58	RUBIO-MARCOS F, CALVINO-CASILDA V, BANARES M A, et al. Novel hierarchical Co ₃O ₄/ZnO mixtures by dry nanodispersion and their catalytic application in the carbonylation of glycerol[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2010, 275( 2): 288- 293.
59	CLIMENT M J, CORMA A, FRUTOS P D, et al. Chemicals from biomass: synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification and carbonylation with urea with hydrotalcite catalysts. The role of acid-base pairs[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2010, 269( 1): 140- 149.
60	BALL P, FULLMANN H, HEITZ W. Carbonate und polycarbonate aus harnstoff und alkohol[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 1980, 92( 9): 742- 743.
61	邢爱玲. 生物柴油副产甘油合成碳酸甘油酯的分离纯化 [D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2009.
61	XING A L. Purification of glycerol carbonate synthesized from bio-diesel byproduct glycerol. [D]. Shanghai: East China University of Science and Technology, 2009.
62	庞磊. 甘油碳酸酯的反应精馏合成过程研究 [D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2012.
62	PANG L. Study on the synthesis of glycerol carbonate by reactive distillation process [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2012.
63	顾黎萍, 乐传俊. 甘油转化的主要产品及其市场分析[J]. 技术与市场, 2011, 18( 6): 287- 290.
63	GU L P, LE C J. Major products and market analysis of glycerol conversions[J]. Technology and Market, 2011, 18( 6): 287- 290.
64	张雁玲, 孟凡飞, 王家兴, 等. 国内外生物柴油发展现状[J]. 现代化工, 2019, 39( 10): 9- 14.
64	ZHANG Y L, MENG F F, WANG J X, et al. Global and China’s development status of biodiesel industry[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2019, 39( 10): 9- 14.
65	中国产业信息网. 2018年我国生物柴油市场运行情况分析 [EB/OL]. [ 2018-05-04]. .
65	China Industrial Information Network. Analysis of Chinese bio-diesel market in 2018 [EB/OL]. [ 2018-05-04]. .
66	殷福珊, 郭春伟. 中国的甘油工业和市场综述[J]. 中国洗涤用品工业, 2008( 1): 32- 35.
66	YIN F S, GUO C Y. Review of Chinese glycerol industry and market[J]. China Surfactant Soap and Detergent Industries, 2008( 1): 32- 35.
67	看准资讯网. 需求猛增——全球甘油市场将达30亿美元[EB/OL]. [ 2018-04-14]. .
67	News Kanzhun. Demand surges—global glycerol market will reach three billion dollars [EB/OL]. [ 2018-04-14]. .
68	高彤. 亨斯迈工业化生产碳酸甘油酯[J]. 上海化工, 2009( 4): 50.
68	GAO T. Huntsman achieved industrial production of glycerol carboante[J]. Shanghai Chemical Industry, 2009( 4): 50.
69	HUNTSMAN. Technical Bulletin: JEFFSOL? Glycerine Carbonate[EB/OL]. [ 2019-01-15]. .

[1]	ZHANG Mingyan, LIU Yan, ZHANG Xueting, LIU Yake, LI Congju, ZHANG Xiuling. Research progress of non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts in zinc-air batteries [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 276-286.
[2]	SHI Yongxing, LIN Gang, SUN Xiaohang, JIANG Weigeng, QIAO Dawei, YAN Binhang. Research progress on active sites in Cu-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 287-298.
[3]	XIE Luyao, CHEN Songzhe, WANG Laijun, ZHANG Ping. Platinum-based catalysts for SO₂ depolarized electrolysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 299-309.
[4]	YANG Xiazhen, PENG Yifan, LIU Huazhang, HUO Chao. Regulation of active phase of fused iron catalyst and its catalytic performance of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 310-318.
[5]	ZHAO Wei, ZHAO Deyin, LI Shihan, LIU Hongda, SUN Jin, GUO Yanqiu. Synthesis and application of triazine drag reducing agent for nature gas pipeline [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 391-399.
[6]	WANG Zhengkun, LI Sifang. Green synthesis of gemini surfactant decyne diol [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 400-410.
[7]	WANG Lele, YANG Wanrong, YAO Yan, LIU Tao, HE Chuan, LIU Xiao, SU Sheng, KONG Fanhai, ZHU Canghai, XIANG Jun. Influence of spent SCR catalyst blending on the characteristics and deNO _x performance for new SCR catalyst [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 489-497.
[8]	DENG Liping, SHI Haoyu, LIU Xiaolong, CHEN Yaoji, YAN Jingying. Non-noble metal modified vanadium titanium-based catalyst for NH₃-SCR denitrification simultaneous control VOCs [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 542-548.
[9]	SUN Yuyu, CAI Xinlei, TANG Jihai, HUANG Jingjing, HUANG Yiping, LIU Jie. Optimization and energy-saving of a reactive distillation process for the synthesis of methyl methacrylate [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 56-63.
[10]	CHENG Tao, CUI Ruili, SONG Junnan, ZHANG Tianqi, ZHANG Yunhe, LIANG Shijie, PU Shi. Analysis of impurity deposition and pressure drop increase mechanisms in residue hydrotreating unit [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4616-4627.
[11]	WANG Peng, SHI Huibing, ZHAO Deming, FENG Baolin, CHEN Qian, YANG Da. Recent advances on transition metal catalyzed carbonylation of chlorinated compounds [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4649-4666.
[12]	ZHANG Qi, ZHAO Hong, RONG Junfeng. Research progress of anti-toxicity electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFC [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4677-4691.
[13]	GE Quanqian, XU Mai, LIANG Xian, WANG Fengwu. Research progress on the application of MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4692-4705.
[14]	WANG Weitao, BAO Tingyu, JIANG Xulu, HE Zhenhong, WANG Kuan, YANG Yang, LIU Zhaotie. Oxidation of benzene to phenol over aldehyde-ketone resin based metal-free catalyst [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4706-4715.
[15]	GE Yafen, SUN Yu, XIAO Peng, LIU Qi, LIU Bo, SUN Chengying, GONG Yanjun. Research progress of zeolite for VOCs removal [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4716-4730.