Abstract:

Biodegradable starch-based plastics are prepared from starch to replace the traditional synthetic non-degradable plastics. It is conformed to the concept of sustainable development. Starch has the disadvantage of poor mechanical properties. It needs to be modified by physical or chemical methods to improve its mechanical properties. Starch can be modified by plasticizer, which can convert starch into thermoplastic starch. The ductility and film formation of starch can be improved through this method. The film forming and mechanical properties of materials can be obviously improved by blending starch with polymer (PVA, PLA, PBAT, etc). By blending starch with reinforcing agents (cellulose, chitosan, lignin, graphene, etc.), the mechanical properties, water resistance, thermal stability, oxygen permeability, and transparency of materials can be improved, and meanwhile the cost of materials is reduced. The flexibility of materials can be increased through adding plasticizer to starch, since plasticizer can interfere with the strong interaction between starch molecules. Starch-based biodegradable plastics can be applied widely in food, agriculture, pharmaceutical and other industries as packaging materials.

Key words: starch, biodegradable plastics, thermoplastic starch, starch-based composite degradable plastics

摘要：

利用淀粉制备可生物降解的淀粉基塑料并替代传统的石化产品合成非降解塑料，对改善并解决白色污染问题有重要意义。由于淀粉本身力学性能较差，需要对其进行物理或化学改性，以提高其力学性能。本文综述了常见的改性方法有：热塑性处理，使淀粉转变为热塑性淀粉，以改善淀粉的延展性能和成膜性；将淀粉和高聚物（PVA、PLA、PBAT）共混制备的复合降解塑料，较纯淀粉基塑料成膜性能和力学性能明显改善；将淀粉与增强剂（纤维素、壳聚糖、木质素、石墨烯等）共混，产品的力学性能、阻水性能、热稳定性、透氧性、透明度等性能得以改善，成本降低；在制备淀粉基塑料的过程中添加增塑剂，可干扰淀粉分子间强的相互作用，使其柔韧性增加。淀粉基生物降解塑料作为包装材料在食品、农业、制药等行业具有广泛的应用潜力。

关键词: 淀粉, 生物降解塑料, 改性热塑性淀粉, 淀粉基复合降解塑料