Abstract:

Hyper-crosslinked porous ionic polymers (HCPiPs) are a series of novel ionic organic functional materials with porous structure, large specific surface area and high charge density. Due to the advantages of mild reaction conditions, diverse preparation methods and easy functionalization, HCPiPs have made remarkable achievements in gas capture/storage, separation, catalysis, and energy storage ＆ conversion in recent years. An overview of recent progress in the basic synthesis principles and strategies, as well as its application in the fields of gas capture/separation, heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, pollutant adsorption, etc., were presented. In addition, the key technical barriers on current HCPiPs preparation processes, one-step crosslinking, crosslinking-ionizing synchronous synthesis and post-modification were discussed, such as limited specific surface areas and total pore volumes, low charge density and uneven distribution, poor catalyst stability and efficiency. It was pointed out that further synthesis strategies should be focused on the design of proper pore structure and active site, content of functional ions and specific surface area, development of various new functional HCPiPs so as to expand its application fields.

Key words: hyper-crosslinked porous ionic polymers, immobilized ionic liquid, CO₂ capture, adsorption, separation, catalysis

摘要：

超交联多孔离子聚合物（hyper-crosslinked porous ionic polymers，HCPiPs）是一类兼具多孔结构、大比表面积、高电荷密度的新型离子有机功能材料，具有制备方式多样、条件温和、易于功能化等特点，在气体捕集/存储、分离、催化、能源环境等方面取得了显著成绩。本文综述了HCPiPs的基本合成原理和方法，系统总结了含离子单体的一步交联法、交联-离子化同步合成法、后修饰法3种制备HCPiPs常用方法的优缺点，以及近年来在气体捕集与分离、异相催化、能量存储与转化、污染物吸附分离等领域的研究进展，并对今后的发展进行了展望，指出了加强HCPiPs的孔结构和活性位点的设计及调控、解决HCPiPs的功能离子的含量与比表面积相互矛盾的问题以及制备各种新型功能性HCPiPs以不断拓展其在催化和电池等领域的应用三个主要研究方向。

关键词: 超交联多孔离子聚合物, 固载离子液体, CO₂捕集, 吸附, 分离, 催化