Abstract: Currently low viscosity PAO(poly-alpha-olefin) synthesis technology monopoly is acquired by foreign producers,and domestic researches in this area are rarely reported. Using 1-decene as raw material,we carried out polymerization experiments in a 1L autoclave and investigated the effects of process conditions of reaction pressure,reaction temperature,reaction time and initiator on the conversion rate and the distribution of the polymerization product. The pilot test was carried out with the optimized conditions in 200L low viscosity PAO pilot plant. Experimental results showed that when the reaction was taken place at pressure of 0.2MPa,temperature of 20℃,catalyst addition of 850g,initiator addition of 685mL(mass ratio of the 1-decene was 0.5%),reaction time of 2h,the conversion rate was more than 95% and the key component of trimers and tetramers content were greater than 80%,and the released reaction heat was approximately 6.3×10⁴kJ. The kinematic viscosity of the obtained product at 100℃ was 4.3mm²/s,and the viscosity index was 132,while low-temperature dynamic viscosity at -40℃ was 2318mm²/s,the pour point was -60℃.The key performance indicators of the obtained product were comparable to those of foreign products.

Key words: 1-decene, poly-alpha-olefins, boron trifluoride, lubricant base oil, scale-up

摘要： 低黏度聚α-烯烃（PAO）合成技术主要为国外所垄断，国内少有研究报道。为了解决这一技术问题，本文以1-癸烯为原料，在1L高压反应釜中进行聚合实验，考察反应压力、反应温度、引发剂、反应时间对转化率及聚合产物组成分布的影响，并以优化后的工艺条件在200L低黏度PAO中试试验装置上进行中试放大试验。结果表明，在反应压力为0.2MPa、反应温度为20℃、催化剂加入量为850g、引发剂加入量685mL（与1-癸烯质量比为0.5%）、反应时间2h的条件下，转化率大于95%，产品关键组分三聚体和四聚体含量大于80%，反应放热量约为6.3×10⁴kJ。以此条件获得的产品100℃运动黏度4.3mm²/s，黏度指数132，-40℃低温动力黏度2318 mm²/s，倾点-60℃，与国外产品主要性能指标相当。

关键词: 1-癸烯, 聚α-烯烃, 三氟化硼, 润滑油基础油, 放大