Abstract: The decomposition of ammonium chloride(NH₄Cl) in the presence of organic amine under anhydrous conditions was studied, and the effect of reaction conditions on release of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) was investigated. Moreover, the best organic amine for separating ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) from decomposition of ammonium chloride(NH₄Cl) was determined from trihexylamie, tris (2-ethylhexyl) amine, trioctylamine and trilaurylamine. The results show that trihexylamine (THA) has advantages of shorter reaction time and higher yield of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) compared with the other organic amines. The yield of ammonia (NH₃) can reach 97.5% under the reaction conditions of n(THA):n(NH₄CI) =1.4:1, n(Isoamylol):n(NH₄Cl) = 6.84:1, N₂ flow rate 140mL/min, temperature 132℃ and reaction time 3.5h. On the hand, the yield of hydrogen chloride (HCl) can reach 94.65% under the reaction conditions of tetradecane:trihexylamine hydrochloride=11:1, N₂ flow rate 260mL/min, temperature 223℃ and the reaction time 4.5h.

Key words: organic ammine, ammonium chloride, decomposition, trihexylamine

摘要： 采用有机胺法在无水条件下分解氯化铵制取氨气和氯化氢,对有机胺的筛选和氯化铵分解工艺进行系统研究,分别考察了释放氨气过程和释放氯化氢过程中各反应条件对反应的影响,通过对多种有机胺[三己胺、三(2-乙基已基)胺、三辛胺和三月桂胺]分解氯化铵的反应进行比较,筛选出最优有机胺用于实现对氨气和氯化氢的高效分离。实验表明:与其他有机胺相比,三己胺具有反应时间更短、氨气和氯化氢收率更高的优势。释氨过程中当三己胺与氯化铵以及异戊醇与氯化铵的摩尔比分别为1.4和6.84,氮气流量140mL/min时,在132℃下反应3.5h,氨气收率可达到97.5%;释氯化氢过程中当非极性有机溶剂十四烷与三己胺盐酸盐的摩尔比为11:1,氮气流量260mL/min时,在223℃下反应4.5h,氯化氢收率可达94.65%。

关键词: 有机胺法, 氯化铵, 热分解, 三己胺