炼铜炉渣选铜尾矿制备矿微粉

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1904

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以炼铜炉渣选铜尾矿资源化利用为目的，选用某有色金属公司炼铜炉渣的选铜尾矿为原料，采用条件实验、正交实验等研究方法和化学分析、原子吸收、XRD、SEM等检测手段，通过多因素优化实验考察砂浆的流动度，试块不同龄期的抗压强度以此确定微粉的活性指标，研究炼铜炉渣选铜尾矿制备矿微粉的可行性。结果表明：铜渣再选尾矿微粉的比表面积、激发剂、助磨剂和减水剂对制备矿微粉均具有一定的影响，其影响次序为：矿微粉的比表面积＞激发剂（Na₂SO₄）＞减水剂＞助磨剂（三乙醇胺）。当铜渣再选尾矿微粉掺量为10%时，可满足活性指数大于95%（S95级别）的标准要求，此时7天和28天的活性指数分别为97.56%和95.91%；而在尾矿微粉掺量为20%～30%时，可满足活性指数大于75%（S75级别）的标准要求。相关助剂的添加提高了铜渣再选尾矿的粉磨效率，细小颗粒有益于碱激发过程的发生，使得砂浆更加致密。重金属浸出表明，Cr、Cd的浸出量与水泥相比增加较小，Cu有少量增加，对环境影响较小，为工业固废资源化协同利用提供了新的发展途径。

关键词: 炼铜炉渣, 矿微粉, 活性指数, 激发剂, 活化作用, 显微结构

Abstract:

For the purpose of resource utilization of copper smelting tailings from copper smelting slag, a non-ferrous metal company’s copper smelting slag tailings were selected as raw materials, and research methods such as conditional tests and orthogonal experiments were used as well as chemical analysis, atomic absorption, XRD, SEM. The fluidity and compressive activity indexes of the mortar and the test block were investigated through the multi-factor optimization test so that the activity index of the powder was determined, and the feasibility of preparing tailings powder from copper smelting slag was studied. The results showed that the surface area, activator, grinding aid and water reducer of copper-smelting slag tailings powder have a certain influence on the preparation of tailings powder, and the order of influence is specific surface area of ??tailings powder > activator (Na₂SO₄) > water reducer > grinding aid (triethanolamine). When the copper-smelting slag tailings powder content is 10%, it can meet the standard requirements of activity index more than 95% (S95). At this time, the activity indexes of 7 days and 28 days are 97.56% and 95.91% respectively; while the tailings powder content is at 20%—30%, it can meet the standard requirements of activity index more than 75% (S75). The addition of related additives increases the grinding efficiency of copper smelting slag tailings. The fine particles are beneficial to the occurrence of the alkali excitation process and make the mortar much dense. The leaching of heavy metals showed that the leaching amount of Cr and Cd has a small increase compared with cement, and Cu has a small increase, but the impact on the environment is small. The researches provide a new development path for the collaborative utilization of industrial solid waste resources.

Key words: copper smelting slag, slag powder, activity index, stimulant, activation, microstructure

中图分类号:

TF803.1

谌宏海, 邓红飞, 罗立群, 蹇守卫, 王明细, 陈荣升. 炼铜炉渣选铜尾矿制备矿微粉[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(8): 4616-4623.

SHEN Honghai, DENG Hongfei, LUO Liqun, JIAN Shouwei, WANG Mingxi, CHEN Rongsheng. Preparation of concrete powder from tailings of copper smelting slag[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(8): 4616-4623.

图/表 11

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氧化物	质量分数/%	氧化物	质量分数/%
SiO₂	37.37	ZnO	4.12
Fe₂O₃	36.86	Cr₂O₃	0.36
Al₂O₃	6.59	PbO	0.15
CaO	5.25	CuO	0.14
MgO	2.92	As₂O₃	0.10
Na₂O	2.55	其他	3.61

氧化物	质量分数/%	氧化物	质量分数/%
SiO₂	37.37	ZnO	4.12
Fe₂O₃	36.86	Cr₂O₃	0.36
Al₂O₃	6.59	PbO	0.15
CaO	5.25	CuO	0.14
MgO	2.92	As₂O₃	0.10
Na₂O	2.55	其他	3.61

粉磨时间/min	比表面积/m²·kg^-1
0	383
10	396.5
20	449.2
40	523.8
60	631.3
90	837.2

粉磨时间/min	比表面积/m²·kg^-1
0	383
10	396.5
20	449.2
40	523.8
60	631.3
90	837.2

组别	变量因素				抗压活性指数/%
组别	粉磨时间/min	Na₂SO₄质量分数/%	三乙醇胺质量分数/%	减水剂质量分数/%	3天	7天	10天	28天
E1	30	0.5	0.01	0.1	82.84	84.26	84.82	80.43
E2	30	1.0	0.03	0.2	80.22	88.58	80.54	77.63
E3	30	1.5	0.05	0.3	72.76	71.42	73.15	68.39
E4	60	1.5	0.01	0.2	75.37	75.00	87.16	71.61
E5	60	0.5	0.03	0.3	72.76	66.05	78.99	69.68
E6	60	1.0	0.05	0.1	64.93	81.48	88.33	72.04
E7	90	1.0	0.01	0.3	69.40	69.75	70.43	65.38
E8	90	1.5	0.03	0.1	65.67	74.38	67.70	62.15
E9	90	0.5	0.05	0.2	71.27	76.54	73.15	69.89