水分子在多孔炭材料上的吸附行为研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1535

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔炭材料具有较大的比表面积和发达的孔隙结构，是吸附有毒有害气体的关键材料，备受环境、化工、军事化学等领域的关注。多孔炭材料对有毒有害气体的吸附性能受气氛中水分子竞争吸附的影响，研究多孔炭材料对水分子的吸附行为是复杂环境下吸附分离有毒有害气体的基础，对改进多孔炭材料的表面官能团组成和孔结构具有重要的指导意义。基于此，本文综述了国内外关于水分子在多孔炭材料上吸附的机理、过程和影响因素，探讨了水分子作为示踪分子用于多孔炭材料结构表征的潜在可能，并对未来吸附理论的研究方向和指导新型吸附材料设计的应用前景进行展望。

关键词: 多孔炭材料, 水分子, 吸附, 表面官能团, 孔结构

Abstract:

Porous carbon materials with larger specific surface area and more developed pore structure have become a key material for adsorption of toxic and harmful gases, and also have drawn wide attention on many fields, such as environment, chemical industry, military chemistry and so on. The adsorption performance of toxic and harmful gases on porous carbon materials is influenced by the competitive adsorption behavior of water molecules in atmosphere. The adsorption behavior of water molecules on porous carbon materials is the basis of the adsorption and separation of toxic and harmful gases in complex environment, which has important guiding significance of improving the composition of surface functional groups and pore structure of porous carbon materials. Thus, this paper reviewed the adsorption mechanism, process and influencing factors of water molecules on porous carbon materials, discussed the potential for water molecules as tracer molecules for structural characterization of porous carbon materials, and prospected the future research direction of adsorption theory and the application foreground to guide the design of new adsorption materials.

Key words: porous carbon materials, water molecules, adsorption, surface functional groups, pore structure

中图分类号:

TQ013.1

郑超, 康凯, 周术元, 宋华, 白书培. 水分子在多孔炭材料上的吸附行为研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(7): 3803-3812.

ZHENG Chao, KANG Kai, ZHOU Shuyuan, SONG Hua, BAI Shupei. Adsorption behavior of water molecules on porous carbon materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(7): 3803-3812.

图/表 8

图1 水分子在多孔炭材料上常见的吸附等温线及滞后环类型[6,9,33]

图2 不同气体分子吸附热随吸附量变化曲线[34]（虚线代表气体凝聚热）

图3 水分子簇吸附机理[35]蓝球—水分子；红球、橘红色球—吸附位；绿实线—极微孔；绿虚线—微孔；黑实线、虚线—中孔

图4 水蒸气在表面含氧官能团浓度不同活性炭上的吸附等温线[59]

图5 单个水分子在不同孔径的狭缝型孔隙内的势能曲线[61]虚线—孔径0.6nm；实线—从内到外依次代表孔径0.55nm、0.7nm、1.0nm、2.0nm

图6 不同温度下水蒸气在1.55nm孔径内的模拟吸脱附等温线[53]

图7 氮气和水蒸气在BPL炭上的吸脱附等温线及扫描脱附曲线[73]

图8 水蒸气在Blücher活性炭上扫描脱附曲线[73]

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